نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

تأثیر کیفیت نهادها بر ارتباط میان نابرابری درآمد و کیفیت محیط‌ زیست در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدة اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2025.398031.2823

چکیده

هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی نقش کیفیت نهادها در ارتباط میان نابرابری درآمد و کیفیت محیط­ زیست با استفاده از داده ­های مربوط به دورة زمانی 1401-1363 در ایران است. برای این منظور، سرانة انتشار دی‌اکسید کربن (CO2) و ضریب جینی به­ ترتیب به ­عنوان شاخص ­هایی از آلودگی محیط ­زیست و نابرابری درآمد به­ کار گرفته شده­اند. همچنین شاخص کیفیت نهادها براساس میانگین حسابی شاخص ­های پایداری دولت (ثبات حکومت)، شرایط اجتماعی اقتصادی، چشم­انداز سرمایه‌گذاری، فساد، کیفیت سیستم اداری، حاکمیت نظم و قانون و پاسخگویی دموکراتیک از میان دوازده شاخص ریسک سیاسی معرفی‌شده در شاخص راهنمای بین ­المللی ریسک کشورها (ICRG)  محاسبه شده است. نتایج حاصل از به­ کارگیری تکنیک حداقل مربعات معمولی پویا (DOLS) نشان می‌دهند که در بلندمدت، اثر نابرابری درآمد بر انتشار CO2  مثبت و از لحاظ آماری معن ی­دار است در حالی‌که اثر تعاملی کیفیت نهادها و نابرابری درآمد بر انتشار CO2 منفی و معنی­ دار است. بنابراین، با بهبود کیفیت نهادها تأثیر مثبت نابرابری درآمد بر انتشار CO2 تضعیف می­ شود. دیگر نتایج نشان می­ دهند افزایش سرانة مصرف سوخت­ های فسیلی موجب افزایش آلودگی محیط‌ زیست می­ شود در حالی­ که اثر سهم انرژی­ های تجدیدپذیر از کل مصرف انرژی بر آلودگی محیط‌ زیست منفی و معنی ­دار است. در راستای نتایج توصیه می‌شود سیاست‌گذاران اقتصادی با تقویت کیفیت نهادها و شفافیت حکمرانی، اثر مثبت نابرابری درآمد بر آلودگی محیط‌ زیست را کاهش دهند.
طبقه­ بندی JEL: Q53، E02، O15، O53

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of institutional quality on the relationship between income inequality and environmental quality in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Heidar Saeedi
  • Mahboobeh Farahati

Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran .

چکیده [English]

The main objective of this research is to examine the role of institutional quality on the relationship between income inequality and environmental quality, using data from the period 1984-2022 in Iran. For this purpose, per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the Gini coefficient are used as indicators of environmental pollution and income inequality, respectively. Furthermore, the institutional quality index is calculated based on the arithmetic mean of indicators such as government stability, socio-economic conditions, investment outlook, corruption, administrative system quality, rule of law, and democratic accountability, drawn from twelve political risk indicators in the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG). The results from applying the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique indicate that in the long term, the impact of income inequality on CO2 emissions is positive and statistically significant, while the interactive effect of institutional quality and income inequality on CO2 emissions is negative and significant. Therefore, Improvements in institutional quality weaken the positive relationship between income inequality and CO2 emissions. Other results indicate that an increase in per capita fossil fuel consumption leads to higher environmental pollution, while the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption has a negative and significant effect on environmental pollution. In line with the results, it is recommended that economic policymakers mitigate the positive effect of income inequality on environmental pollution by strengthening institutional quality and governance transparency.
JEL Classification: Q53, E02, O15, O53

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental quality
  • Institutional quality
  • Income inequality
  • Iran
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 78، شماره 4
دی 1404
صفحه 523-536