نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

میزان پراکنش، تجمع و منشأیابی آفت‌کش‌های آلی کلره در طول رودخانه‌های کارون و اروند، استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زیست‌شناسی دریا، دانشکدة علوم دریایی و اقیانوس‌شناسی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2025.397592.2816

چکیده

پایش و کنترل آفت‌کش‌های ارگانوکلره به‌علت ‌خاصیت سرطان‌زایی، اثر سمیت تأخیری و تأثیر این سموم بر سیستم عصبی آبزیان دارای اهمیت زیادی هستند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی میزان تجمع و مقایسة میزان سموم آلدرین، هپتاکلر، دیلدرین، لیندان و ددت در رسوبات رودخانه‌های کارون و اروند انجام گرفت. پس از نمونه‌برداری از 9 ایستگاه مختلف در طول رودخانه‌های کارون و اروند تا خلیج فارس، نمونه‌ها استخراج، جداسازی و تغلیظ گردیدند و سپس توسط دســتگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی مورد آنالیز قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، بین غلظت آفت‌کش‌ها در ایستگاه‌های مورد مطالعه اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود دارد، به‌طوری‌که ایستگاه دارخوین و حفار در حاشیة رودخانة کارون و نهر خین و جزیرة مینو در طول اروند رود به‌دلیل وجود فعالیت‌های کشاورزی دارای غلظت بیشتری از آفت‌کش‌های آلدرین، هپتاکلر، دیلدرین، لیندان و ایستگاه اروند-آبادان دارای غلظت بیشتری از ددت به‌واسطة وجود کارخانة تولید سم امشی بوده است.  نتایج مطالعه نشان داد اختلاف معنی‌داری بین غلظت سموم وجود دارد و هپتاکلر و ددت به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین غلظت را در رسوبات دارند و به‌طور کلی ترتیب غلظت سموم در رسوبات در رودخانه‌های کارون و اروند به‌صورت هپتاکر > لیندان > آلدرین > دیلدرین > ددت بود. مقایسة سموم در طول فصول سرد و گرم در ایستگاه‌های مختلف نشان می‌دهد غلظت تمام سموم در فصل سرد در همة ایستگاه جزء ایستگاه‌های اروند رود–مصب اروند-خلیج فارس و خلیج فارس بالاتر بوده است. براساس نتایج می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که غلظت آفت‌کش‌ها  در ایستگاه‌های داروخوین، جزیرة مینو و نهر خین از میزان استانداردها بالاتر بوده است و همچنین کشاورزی، صنعت، شهرنشینی و بقایای گذشته منشأ اصلی ورود آفت‌کش‌ها به محیط رودخانه‌ها هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Distribution, accumulation, and origin of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) the Karun and Arvand river in Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Javid
  • Soheila Matrudi
  • Ahmad Savari
  • Alireza Safaieh

Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Monitoring and controlling organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) is of great importance due to their carcinogenic properties, delayed toxicity effects, and adverse impacts on the nervous systems of aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to investigate the accumulation levels and compare the concentrations of aldrin, heptachlor, dieldrin, lindane, and DDT in sediments of the Karun and Arvand (Shatt al-Arab) rivers. Nine sampling stations were selected along the rivers from the Karun River to the Persian Gulf. After sample collection, the sediments were extracted, purified, and concentrated, followed by analysis using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The results revealed significant differences in pesticide concentrations among the sampling stations. Stations Darkhovain and Hafar along the Karun River, and Nahrekhain and Minoo island along the Arvand River, exhibited higher concentrations of aldrin, heptachlor, dieldrin, and lindane, which can be attributed to intensive agricultural activities in these areas. The Arvand-Abadan station showed the highest DDT concentration, likely due to the presence of a historical pesticide manufacturing plant. Overall, heptachlor exhibited the highest concentration, while DDT showed the lowest among the analyzed pesticides. The general order of pesticide concentrations in the sediments was: heptachlor > lindane > aldrin > dieldrin > DDT. Seasonal comparisons indicated that pesticide levels were generally higher during the cold season across most stations, except at the estuarine sites (Arvand estuary and Persian Gulf). Furthermore, concentrations at Darkhovain, Minoo island, and Nahrekhain exceeded established environmental quality standards. The findings suggest that agriculture, industrial activities, urbanization, and legacy contamination are the primary sources of OCPs entering the riverine environment. Effective regulatory measures and continuous monitoring are therefore essential to mitigate the ecological and health risks associated with these persistent pollutants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organochlorine pesticides
  • Seasonal variations Coastal sediments
  • Origin
  • Environmental monitoring
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 78، شماره 1
خرداد 1404
صفحه 141-154