نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

اثر حمل‌و‌نقل هوایی بر انتشار آلودگی در قالب فرضیة محیط‌زیستی کوزنتس (شواهدی از کشورهای عضو بریکس)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه اقتصاد منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2025.392165.2787

چکیده

علی‌رغم اینکه تنوع ‌زیستی خدمات مختلفی را برای جوامع انسانی فراهم نموده و نیازهای انسان‌ها را برآورده کرده ‌است، اقدامات انسانی، باعث کاهش تنوع ‌زیستی و خدمات اکوسیستم شده است. تعیین مناطق حفاظت‌شده یک راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران‌‌های محیط‌زیستی و جلوگیری از نابودی تنوع ‌زیستی است ، ولی این مناطق نیز مورد تهدید هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر ادراک جوامع روستایی در مورد از بین رفتن تنوع‌ زیستی منطقة حفاظت‌شده سرخ‌آباد، استان زنجان با استفاده از روش‌شناسی کمی (توصیفی-همبستگی) صورت گرفت. جامعة آماری پژوهش، خانوارهای روستایی وابسته به منطقة حفاظت‌شده (5095=N)، که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه‌ای برابر با 250 نفر محاسبه و از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری چند مرحله‌ای تصادفی انتخاب و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه ساختار‌یافته‌ای که روایی محتوایی و ظاهری آن از طریق پانلی از استادان و کارشناسان صاحب‌نظر در این زمینه مورد تأیید واقع شد و پایایی آن از طریق محاسبة آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شده بود، جمع‌آوری و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد متغیرهای مشارکت جامعة محلی، شرایط مداخله‌گری، محرک‌های انسانی مربوط به جوامع محلی، شرایط زمینه‌ای (ضعف معیشتی جامعة محلی)، شرایط زمینه‌ای (انگیزه کم و شناخت ضعیف جامعة محلی برای حفاظت و مدیریت تنوع زیستی)، نگرش در خصوص حفاظت از تنوع ‌زیستی، دانش درخصوص وضعیت تخریب تنوع ‌زیستی، دانش درخصوص چالش‌های تنوع ‌زیستی و دانش در خصوص خدمات اکوسیستمی بر ادراک از بین رفتن تنوع ‌زیستی اثرگذار هستند و 68 درصد از واریانس متغیر ادراک از بین رفتن تنوع‌ زیستی را تبیین کردند. بنابراین، ضروری است تصمیم‌گیرندگان و سیاستگذاران این حوزه، عوامل مرتبط و مؤثر در کاهش از بین رفتن تنوع‌ زیستی را به‌منظور حفاظت و احیای اکوسیستم‌ها و گونه‌های مناطق حفاظت‌شده مورد توجه قرار دهند و اقدامات مناسب جهت حفاظت و مدیریت پایدار تنوع ‌زیستی اتخاذ کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of air transport on pollution emissions in the context of the environmental Kuznets hypothesis (evidence from BRICS countries)

نویسنده [English]

  • maryam asadpourkordi

Department of Economics of Natural Resources and Environment, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The transportation industry is one of the most influential sectors in the economy of any country, and its role in the spread of pollution is no secret to anyone. Meanwhile, aviation is the second largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for approximately 2 to 4 percent of total human emissions. Carbon emissions from the aviation sector are more dangerous than other transportation activities, because they both distort the composition of the atmosphere at high altitudes and intensify the concentration of greenhouse gases in the surface environment. Therefore, considering this important issue, the present study examines the effect of aviation, along with energy consumption, economic growth, and urban population, on CO2 emissions, in the framework of the Kuznets environmental hypothesis. To achieve this goal, data from BRICS member countries from 1990 to 2022 were used and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method was used for estimation. The results of this study showed that the environmental Kuznets hypothesis was confirmed among BRICS member countries during the period under study. The results of this study also showed that air transport and energy consumption have a positive effect and urbanization has a negative effect on CO2 emissions. According to the results, it is suggested that clean and environmentally friendly energy sources be used in the transportation sector.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CO2 emissions
  • Economic growth
  • Environment
  • Urbanization
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 78، شماره 1
خرداد 1404
صفحه 31-40