نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی تولید آب در جنگل‌های هیرکانی با استفاده از InVEST

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران.

2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2025.384483.2719

چکیده

جنگل‌ها نقش مهمی در تولید و تنظیم جریان آب دارند که در این میان، حوضه‌های آبخیز جنگلی ضرورتی اجتناب­ ناپذیر در حفظ آب هستند. در این پژوهش، برای کمی ­سازی خدمت تولید آب از مدل عملکرد آب در InVEST استفاده شد. داده ­های مورد نیاز این مدل شامل نقشه ­های پوشش گیاهی، میانگین بارش و تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل سالانه، عمق خاک و ریشه، آب قابل دسترس گیاه، مرزهای حوضة آبخیز و همچنین جدول زیست­-‌فیزیکی می­باشد. براساس محاسبات انجام شده در سه حوزة جنگلداری-گیلان، مازندران و گلستان، سالانه 276416798 متر­مکعب آب تولید می­ شود که بیشترین میزان تولید آب متعلق به جامعة جنگلی راشستان در حوزة جنگلداری 7 اسالم گیلان با مقدار 4479 مترمکعب در هکتار و کمترین مقدار مربوط به جامعة جنگلی ممرزستان در حوزة جنگلداری 91 گلستان و متوسط تولید آب در کل سطح مورد مطالعه، 3558 مترمکعب در هکتار است. مناطق مورد مطالعه از نظر میزان ارزش اقتصادی خدمت بوم ­سازگان تولید آب، کاملاً با یکدیگر متفاوت بوده و ارزش یکسانی ندارند. ارزش هر یک از جوامع جنگلی از 240 میلیون ریال تا 367 میلیون ریال و متوسط ارزش هر هکتار از جنگل‌های مورد مطالعه 292 میلیون ریال برآورد شد. همچنین، ارزش کل منطقه با مساحت 77683 هکتار، معادل 22666177 میلیون ریال برآورد گردید. نتایج ارزش­گذاری مکانی نشان داد که نوع تیپ و جوامع جنگلی در تعیین ارزش خدمت تولید آب بسیار مهم است زیرا تغییر در پوشش گیاهی به‌میزان قابل توجهی بر ارزش خدمت تولید آب مؤثر خواهد بود. ارزش­گذاری اقتصادی تولید آب می­ تواند سبب تشویق مشارکت ساکنین محلی برای حفاظت و مدیریت بوم­ سازگان شد تا هزینة مربوط به خدمات ارائه ­شده توسط ذی‌نفعان پرداخت شده و در نتیجه بوم­ سازگان دچار آسیب کم­تر و حفاظت بیشتری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Economic valuation of water production in Hyrcanian forests using InVEST

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azim Hashemnejad Rahimabadi 1
  • Amir Mohammadinejad 1
  • Hamid Amirnejad 2
  • Reza Moghadasi 1

1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Industry, Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Forests play an important role in the production and regulation of water flow, among which forest watersheds are an inevitable necessity in water conservation. In this research, the water performance model in InVEST has been used to quantify the water production service. The required data of this model includes vegetation maps, annual average precipitation and evapotranspiration potential, soil and root depth, plant accessible water, watershed boundaries and bio-physical table. Based on the calculations made in three forestry areas - Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan, 276416798 cubic meters of water are produced annually, and the highest amount of water production belongs to the forestry community of Rashtistan in forestry area 7 Aslam, Gilan with a value of 4479 cubic meters per hectare and the lowest amount belongs to the forest community of Mamrazistan in the forestry area of ​​91 Golestan and the average water production in the entire studied area is 3558 cubic meters per hectare. The studied areas are completely different from each other in terms of the economic value of water production service to ecosystems and do not have the same value. The value of each forest community was estimated from 240 million Rials to 367 million Rials and the average value of each hectare of the studied forests was 292 million Rials. Also, the total value of the region with an area of ​​77683 hectares was estimated to be equal to 22666177 million Rials. The results of spatial evaluation showed that the type of forest type and communities is very important in determining the value of water production service because the change in vegetation will significantly affect the value of water production service. The economic valuation of water production can encourage the participation of local residents for the protection and management of ecosystems, so that the cost of the services provided by the beneficiaries is paid, and as a result, the ecosystems suffer less damage and more protection.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest communities
  • Quantification
  • Replacement cost method
  • Spatial valuation
  • Water performance model
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 77، شماره 4
اسفند 1403
صفحه 577-590