Journal of Natural Environment

Spatial modelling of supply and demand for water yield service in the Haraz Watershed

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc, Department of Environment, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

The balance between water supply and demand and the related services is a key issue in land planning with a water resources management approach. The purpose of this study is to establish a proper supply flow through mapping surface water production service in the Haraz Watershed using the water yield model as a supply and demand utility. In this study, based on the input layers including limiting root depth, average annual rainfall, water content plant availability, reference evapotranspiration, land use/land cover, biophysical table, as well as watershed boundaries and sub-basins surface water production service was modeled. Then, the demand map of the watershed was prepared based on programmable water in the water yield model, and the flow between supply and demand was calculated to form the equilibrium and imbalances.The results show that the Payabeheraz sub-basin with an annual water yield of 69 million m3, due to precipitation of 618 mm per year, concentration of agricultural lands, and urban areas, had the highest water yield in 2017. In the meantime, Payabetalar and the Siahroud sub-basins, owning the amount of industrial lands in addition to the agricultural lands, and high population concentration, have the highest demand with an annual average of 800 million m3. Besides, the results indicate that in the Haraz watershed, the imbalance in supply and demand has led to a lot of pressure on the water resources so that continuing the current situation, a sharp decline in the water resources is imminent. In order to balance and maintain stability in both demand and supply sections, reallocating the population (to reduce demand in the pressurized sub-basins) and land cover/land use arrangement (to increase the supply and maintenance of water resources) have been proposed.

Keywords

Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith, M., 1998. Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome, 300(9), D05109.
Asadolahi, Z., Salmanmahiny, A., Mirkarimi, H., 2015. Modeling the supply of sediment retention ecosystem service (case study: eastern part of Gorgan-rud watershed). Environmental Erosion Research Journal 5(3), pp.61-75. (In Persian)
Azimi, M., Heshmati, G.A., Farahpour, M., Faramarzi, M., Abbaspour, K.C., 2013. Modeling the impact of rangeland management on forage production of sagebrush species in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Ecological modelling 250, 1-14.
Barzeali, M., Sadatazimi, M., Lotfi, E., 2017. Evaluation of rangeland ecosystem services from the perspective of water production and soil maintenance using InVEST software (Atrak watershed - Golestan province). Msc Thesis, Faculty of Range and Watershed Management, University of Gorgan. (In Persian)
Brauman, K.A., Daily, G.C., Duarte, T.K.E., Mooney, H.A., 2007. The nature and value of ecosystem services: an overview highlighting hydrologic services. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 32, 67-98.
Budyko, M.I., 1961. The heat balance of the earth's surface. Soviet Geography 2(4), 3-13.
Budyko, M.I., 1974. Climate and Life (New York: Academic). Europe-wide Peduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought. 437, 529-533.
Canadell, J., Jackson, R.B., Ehleringer, J.B., Mooney, H.A., Sala, O.E., Schulze, E.D., 1996. Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale. Oecologia 108(4), 583-595.
Canqiang, Z., Wenhua, L., Biao, Z., Moucheng, L., 2012. Water yield of Xitiaoxi river basin based on InVEST modeling. Journal of Resources and Ecology 3(1), 50-54.
Chen, X., Li, F., Li, X., Hu, Y., Hu, P., 2020. Evaluating and mapping water supply and demand for sustainable urban ecosystem management in Shenzhen, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 251, 119754.
Dominati, E., Patterson, M., Mackay, A., 2010. A framework for classifying and quantifying the natural capital and ecosystem services of soils. Ecological Economics 69(9), 1858-1868.
Donohue, R.J., Roderick, M.L. and McVicar, T.R., 2012. Roots, storms and soil pores: Incorporating key ecohydrological processes into Budyko’s hydrological model. Journal of Hydrology 436, 35-50.
FAO. 2014. ⟨http://data.fao.org/ measure? entryId¼afb484eb-3a92-4b22- b657 a4c575ae52b1&tab¼metadata⟩ (25/08/14)
Fu, B.P., 1981. On the calculation of the evaporation from land surface Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 5(1), 23-31.
Gleick, P.H., Palaniappan, M., 2010. Peak water limits to freshwater withdrawal and use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(25), 11155-11162.
Haghdadi, M., Heshmati, GH. And Azimi, M., 2018. Assessment of Water yield service on the basis of InVEST tool (case study: Delichai watershed). Journal of Water and Soil Conservation 25(4), 275-290. (In Persian)
Jafarzadeh, A.A., Mahdavi, A., FallahShamsi, R., Yousefpour, R., 2019. Annual Water Yield Estimation for Different Land Uses by GIS-Based InVEST Model (Case Study: Mish-khas Catchment, Ilam Province, Iran). Journal of Rangeland Science 9(1), 1-12.
Kadkhodahosseini, M., Shamohammadi, S., Nozari, H., Mirabbasi, R., 2016. Evaluate the Performance of SVR and GEP Models in Predicting the Monthly Fluctuations in Water Level of Urmia Lake. Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage 10(2), 199-207. (In Persian)
Khosravi Mashizi, A., 2016. Ecosystem services as a new criterion to assess ecosystem capability and land use planning. The Secound National Conference on New Approaches to Spatical Planning in Iran, 30/01/2016, Shahrood, Iran, pp: 228-240. (In Persian)
Kumasizadeh, Z., Faridhoseini, A., Davari, K., Alizadeh, A., Salvitabar, A., 2013. Sustainable development and environment of Atrak catchment area. The Second National Conference on Planning and Environmental Protection, 15/8/2013, Hamedan, Iran, pp: 309-318. (In Persian)
Liang, L., Liu, Q., 2014. Streamflow sensitivity analysis to climate change for a large water‐limited basin. Hydrological Processes 28(4), 1767-1774.
Malinga, R., Gordon, L.J., Jewitt, G., Lindborg, R., 2015. Mapping ecosystem services across scales and continents–A review. Ecosystem Services 13, 57-63.
Mokhtarpour, A., Edrisi, E., 2019. National Conference on the Perspective of Caspian Sea to Desert Areas, 23/12/2019, Rasht, Iran, pp: 56-62. (In Persian)
Murphy, S.R., 2010. Tropical perennial grasses–root depths, growth and water use efficiency. NSW Department of Primary Industries, Primefacts 1027.
Nippert, J.B., Holdo, R.M., 2015. Challenging the maximum rooting depth paradigm in grasslands and savannas. Functional Ecology 29(6), 739-745.
Pessacg, N., Flaherty, S., Brandizi, L., Solman, S. Pascual, M., 2015. Getting water right: A case study in water yield modelling based on precipitation data. Science of the Total Environment 537, 225-234.
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, A., Chapin, F., Lambin, E., Lenton, T., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H., Nykvist, B., De Wit, C., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sorlin, S., Snyder, P., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R., Fabry, V., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P., Foley, J., 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Nature 461(7263), pp. 472-475.
Sabater, S. and Barceló, D. (eds.) 2010. Water scarcity in the Mediterranean: Perspectives under global change (Vol. 8). Springer Science & Business Media.
Sahle, M., Saito, O., Fürst, C., Yeshitela, K., 2019. Quantifying and mapping of water-related ecosystem services for enhancing the security of the food-water-energy nexus in tropical data–sparse catchment. Science of the Total Environment 646, 573-586.
Schirpke, U., Candiago, S., Vigl, L.E., Jäger, H., Labadini, A., Marsoner, T., Meisch, C., Tasser, E., Tappeiner, U., 2019. Integrating supply, flow and demand to enhance the understanding of interactions among multiple ecosystem services. Science of the Total Environment 651, 928-941.
Scordo, F., Lavender, T.M., Seitz, C., Perillo, V.L., Rusak, J.A., Piccolo, M., Perillo, G.M., 2018. Modeling water yield: assessing the role of site and region-specific attributes in determining model performance of the InVEST seasonal water yield model. Water 10(11), 1496.
Sharp, R., Tallis, H.T., Ricketts, T., Guerry, A.D., Wood, S.A., Chaplin Kramer, R., Nelson, E., Ennaanay, D., Wolny, S., Olwero, N., Vigerstol, K., 2014. InVEST user’s guide. The Natural Capital Project, Stanford 161.
Van Loon, A.F., Van Lanen, H.A., 2012. A process-based typology of hydrological drought. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16(7), 1915-1946.
Wagener, T., Sivapalan, M., Troch, P.A., McGlynn, B.L., Harman, C.J., Gupta, H.V., Kumar, P., Rao, P.S.C., Basu, N.B., Wilson, J.S., 2010. The future of hydrology: An evolving science for a changing world. Water Resources Research 46(5).
Walter, I.A., Allen, R.G., Elliott, R., Jensen, M.E., Itenfisu, D., Mecham, B., Howell, T.A., Snyder, R., Brown, P., Echings, S., Spofford, T., 2000. ASCE's standardized reference evapotranspiration equation. In Watershed Management and Operations Management 2000. pp: 1-11.
Wolff, S., Schulp, C.J.E., Verburg, P.H., 2015. Mapping ecosystem services demand: A review of current research and future perspectives. Ecological Indicators 55, 159-171.
Xu, X., Liu, W., Scanlon, B.R., Zhang, L., Pan, M., 2013. Local and global factors controlling water‐energy balances within the Budyko framework. Geophysical Research Letters 40(23), 6123-6129.
Yang, D., Liu, W., Tang, L., Chen, L., Li, X., Xu, X., 2019. Estimation of water provision service for monsoon catchments of South China: Applicability of the InVEST model. Landscape and Urban Planning 182: 133-143.
Zhang, L., Dawes, W.R., Walker, G.R., 2001. Response of mean annual evapotranspiration to vegetation changes at catchment scale. Water Resources Research 37(3), 701-708.
Journal of Natural Environment
Volume 74, Issue 3
September 2021
Pages 475-489