Journal of Natural Environment

Evaluating the efficiency of Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers based on biochar’s of grape pruning residues, walnut skins and wheat stubble produced at two pyrolysis temperatures (350°C and 650°C)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.

2 Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft,, Jiroft, Iran.

10.22059/jne.2024.368033.2622

Abstract

The use of common chemical fertilizers such as phosphorous fertilizers improves agricultural production, at the same time, it leads to serious environmental problems and a considerable economic load. Recently, in addition to using biochar as a soil amendment, it has been used to produce biochar-based slow-release fertilizers. The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavior of phosphorus release from monopotassium phosphate fertilizers based on the biochars of walnut shell residues, grape pruning and wheat stubble in water and soil. For this purpose, a factorial experiment with a randomized complete design and three replications was performed. The experiment treatments included three types of biochar (residues of grape pruning, walnut shell and wheat stubble) at two pyrolysis temperatures of 350 and 650 degrees and Phosphorous fertilizer (10% and 20% by weight) from the source of monopotassium phosphate. The results showed that the effect of temperature and biochar type on density, apparent density, pH and EC of biochar-based fertilizer tablets was significant. Phosphorus of biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizers was gradually released in water during the experiment in all biochars, but its release rate was higher at the beginning of the experiment. The rate of Phosphorus release during the experiment in biochar-based fertilizer tablets of wheat stubble was lower compared to walnut shell and grape pruning biochars, so that at the end of the experiment, the percentage of Phosphorus release in wheat stubble biochar was 4.6 (1.6) and 8.54 (4.04) percent lower, respectively, compared to walnut shell biochar and grape pruning residues at 350 (or 650) pyrolysis temperature. Also, the lowest and highest percentage of Phosphorus release in soil was observed in wheat stubble biochar and grape pruning residues at both pyrolysis temperatures of 350 and 650 degrees, respectively. Also, the results showed that the effect of the type of biochar on the performance of the corn plant shoot (wet weight, dry weight and relative yield) was significant, and the highest performance was related to the use of Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers based on wheat stubble biochar. In general, it can be concluded that granulating chemical fertilizers with biochar can be a suitable method for preparing Slow-release fertilizers, which can partially overcome the environmental problems and the economic burden of using chemical fertilizers.

Keywords

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Journal of Natural Environment
Volume 77, Issue 2
August 2024
Pages 271-284