Investigation of richness, diversity and uniformity of plants in geomorphological zones of Adoroshk watershed (Yazd-Shirkuh province)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Paying attention to vegetation preservation is one of the pillars of design and management of areas. For this purpose, in this study, the study of richness, diversity and uniformity of plants in the geomorphological zones of Adoroshk watershed was studied. In Arc GIS software environment, using georeferenced topographic map, the boundary of the area was drawn according to cartographic principles. Habitat geomorphological zones were identified by visual interpretation of Google Earth software images and mapped in Arc GIS software. During the spring and summer of 2019, Adoroshk plants were identified. In total, the amount of vegetation in the area was 16.56%. Biodiversity indices were used to calculate the richness, diversity and uniformity of plants and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare biodiversity indices in geomorphological zones. If the differences were significant, the groups were divided into two. The two were compared by Mann-Whitney test. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the difference of geomorphological zones in terms of all indicators is significant at the level of one percent.  The Mann-Whitney test showed that the deposit areas are richer in terms of richness than the rocky and alluvial areas.

Keywords

Alaei Taleghani, M., Homayouni, P., 2011. Zoning of Dinur basin in terms of flood production with reference to geomorphological components, Geographical Research Journal 1, 37-49. (In Persian)
Alizadeh, A., 2010. Principles of Applied Hydrology, Imam Reza University, Mashhad. 476 p. (In Persian)
Amini Jami Abadi, A.R., 2011. Plants brought by the earth, University of Tehran. 282 p. (In Persian)
Arazi, S., 2019. Habitat Suitability Assessment for Pika (Ochotona Rufescense) In Adoroshk Watershed (Yazd Province-Shirkuh), Environment and Cross-Sectoral Development 66, 40-31. (In Persian)
Arjomand, K.A., Ghorbani, A., Ghafari, S., Teimourzadeh, A., 2015. Comparison of numerical indices of species diversity and richness in different intensities of livestock grazing (Case study: Panjalu village rangeland), 2nd National Conference on Natural Resources and Environment Protection. 3 p.
 Arzani, H., Abedi, M., 2015. Rangeland assessment - vegetation measurement, University of Tehran. 325 p. (In Persian)
Arzani, H., Abedi, M., 2015. Rangeland Assessment-Audit and Monitoring, University of Tehran. 224 p. (In Persian)
Bakhshi Khaniki, G.R., 2017. Biodiversity, Payame Noor University Press, Tehran, 229 p. (In Persian)
Barkhan, M.A., 2019. Determining the food carrying capacity of herbivores in the watershed Adoroshk, Master's thesis, Environment group, Yazd University, Yazd. 103 p. (In Persian)
Basiri, R., Karami, P., 2006. Evaluation of species diversity using diversity indices in Chenareh forests of Marivan, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 13, 163-172. (In Persian)
Bihamta, M.R., Zare Chahouki, M.A., 2011. Principles of Statistics in Natural Resources Sciences, University of Tehran Press, 322 p. (In Persian)
Dadashi Arani, H., 2006. Geomorphology, Payame Noor University Press, Tehran. 210 p. (In Persian)
Darabi, H., Gholami, Sh., Sayyad, E., 2016. Spatial variation of regeneration and diversity of tree species in Zagros forests, Case study: Cradle forests in Kermanshah province. Applied Ecology 18, 45-59. (In Persian)
Ejtahadi, H., Ekafi, H.R., Sepehri, A., 2004. Methods of Measuring Biodiversity, Ferdosi University Press, Mashhad, 223 p. (In Persian)
Emad, M., 1999. Identification of medicinal and industrial plants of forest and rangeland and their uses, Iran Rural Development Publishing, Tehran.112 p. (In Persian)
Geetha M., Karegowda, A., Sudhira, H.S., 2019.  Land Use and Land Cover Mapping of Davangere using Google Earth Engine, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 3, 474-477.
Ghorbani, A., Kakeh Mami, A., Hassanpour, M., Eslami, F., Ghaffari, S., Raufi Masouleh, A., 2018, comparison Different methods of preparing land use / land cover with common methods of natural resources studies (Case study, Gushneh Ghorji watershed in Urmia), Iranian Quarterly Journal of Natural Ecosystems 9, 19-32. (In Persian)
Guardian, Q., Yamani, M., Maghsoudi, M., Azizi, A.H., 2013. Study of density, geomorphology and elevation zonation of the western margin of Lut plain and the effects of vegetation on their morphology, Quantitative Geomorphological Research 4, 1-26. (In Persian)
Hamrah, M., Moghimi, J., 2015. Cartography, Institute of Geography and Cartography of Geology, Tehran. 380 p. (In Persian)
Honjo, T., Umeki, K., Wang, D., Yang, P., Hsieh, H., 2011. Landscape Similation and Visualization on Google Earth, the International Journal of Virtual Reality 143, 1-6.
Igor, P., Danijel, I., Mitja, K., Nataša, P., 2017. Relation between plant species diversity and landscape variables in Central-European dry grassland fragments and their successional derivate. Acta Botanica Croatica 2, 111-119.
Iuliana, B., Dumitras, A., Laczi, E., 2014. Integrated System in Landscaping Design and Lavdscape Ecology. Pro Environment 17, 46-52.
Jafari, Sh. Rahimi, K., Arazzadeh, Y., 2012, Preparation of land use map using Google Earth data (Case study: Karaj), Sixth National Conference on Environmental Engineering. 8 p. (In Persian)
Jalili, A., Jamzad, Z., 1999. A Preliminary survey of Endemic, Rare & Endangered Plant species in Iran. Research institute of forests and Rangelands, Tehran. 748 p.
J-Majet, W., Matosova, Eskomalova, A., 2004. Trees and Shrubs, Publishing Cultural Institute, Tehran. 272 p. (In Persian)
Kakeh Mami, A., Ghorbani, A., Kayhan Behjoo, F., Mirzaei Musivand, A., 2017. Comparison of visual and digital interpretation methods in preparing land use map and land cover of Ardabil province. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Natural Resources 8, 121-134. (In Persian)
Khani, M., Ghanbarian, G.A., Kamali Maskouni, A., 2011. Comparison of indices of diversity and richness of plant species at different levels of grazing in hot and dry rangelands of Fars province, Rangeland Journal 2, 136-129. (In Persian)
Kiani, B., 2014. Applying modern statistics in natural resources, Yazd University Press. 521 p. (In Persian)
Kiani, B., 2017. Forest Biometry-Sampling Designs and Measurement Methods in Forest Sciences, Palak Publications, Tehran. 447 p. (In Persian)
Malekian, M., Bagheri, R., 2014. A study of the richness and diversity of the inhabitants of the protected areas of Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces and its evolution from the shape and size of the region, Natural Environment 3, 342-354. (In Persian)
Moghadam, M., 2008. Tuff and Mental Statistics Ecology, University of Tehran Press. 274 p. (In Persian)
Moghli, M., Khalilizadeh, M., Abi, Y., 2012. Investigation of geomorphological features and erosion zoning of Varband watershed (Larestan), Quarterly Journal of Natural Geography 5, 9-20. (In Persian)
Mohammadzadeh, A., Basiri, R., Tarahi, A.A., 2014. Evaluation of biodiversity of plant species in Arasbaran region using non-parametric indicators in relation to the ecological factor of altitude. Plant Research 4, 728-741. (In Persian)
Mozafarian, V., 2000. Flora of Yazd province, Yazd Publishing Institute, Yazd. 473 p. (In Persian)
Mozafarian, V., 2004. Trees and Shrubs of Iran, Contemporary Culture Publishing, Tehran, 991 p. (In Persian)
Omidzadeh, A., Zare Chahouki, M.A., Arzani, H., Tahmasbi, P., Khedri Gharibvand, H., 2014. Comparison of Species Diversity Indices Using Multi-Scale Plots (Case Study: Kresnak Range, Shahrekord), Range 4, 292-303. (In Persian)
 Pourbabaei, H., Javanshir, K., Makhdoom, M., Zubairi, M., 1998. Distribution of common yew (Taxus baccata) and biodiversity with biodiversity of its habitats in the forests of Gilan, environment- Cognition 21, 1-12 (In Persian)
Python, B., Kampa, E., Winterstadin, A., 2001. Biodiversity, Environmental Protection Agency Publications, Tegran, 169 p.  (In Persian)
Sadegh Oghli, R., Jahani, A., Alizadeh Shabani, A., Goshtasb, H., 2019. Assessing the structure of the land, in order to develop and integrate protected areas, Land Management 1, 57-78. (In Persian)
Sadeghi Rad, A., Arzani, H., Azar newvand, 2015. Response of richness and vegetation diversity indices to different treatments of livestock exploitation In Kalashk rangelands (Case study: Kermanshah province), Applied Ecology 4, 1-10. (In Persian)
Shabani, A., Hajizadeh, A., 2017. Geomorphology, Satellite, Tehran. 148 p. (In Persian)
Shinozaki, M., Saito, K., Hitaka, K., 2007. Digital Platform for Collaborative Urban Landscape Design using Google Earth. REAL CORP 007, Vienna 2, 1-4.
Silakhori, A., Onagh, M., 2018. Identification and segregation of geomorphological facies of Sabzehvar region using remote sensing and GIS. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Natural Resources 1, 113-130. (In Persian)
Sohrabi, H., Akbrinia, M., Hosseini, M., 2005. Investigation of plant species diversity in ecosystem units in Dehsorkh forest area, Javanrood, Journal of Environmental Studies 33, 69-76. (In Persian)
Wilcox, B.A., Murphy, D.D., 1985. Conservation strategy: the effects of fragmentation on extinction. The University of Chicago Press 6, 879-887.
Yamani, M., Maleki, J., Ansari Lari, A., 2009. Geomorphological zoning of Malekan plain in order to evaluate agricultural viability using GIS, Natural Geography 3, 1-16. (In Persian)
Zakeri Pashakolaei, M., Alvaninejad, S., Esmaelzadeh, O., 2014. Relationship between plant biodiversity and topographic factors in the forests of western Mazandaran, (Case study: Research Forest of Tarbiat Modares University). Applied Ecology 8, 1-16. (In Persian)
Zarei, G.R., Sadeghi, A.R., 2018. Culture of medicinal and aromatic trees and shrubs native to Iran, Islamic Azad University, Meybod Branch, Tehran, 110 p. (In Persian)
Zeile, P., Farnoudi, F., Streich, B., 2007. Fascination Google Earth– Use in Urban and Landscape Design, 3rd Int’l ASCAAD Conference on Em‘body’ing Virtual Architecture [ASCAAD-07, Alexandria, Egypt]. 8 p.
Zubairi, M., 1994. Statistics in the forest (measurement of trees and forests), University of Tehran Press. 401 p. (In Persian)