Journal of Natural Environment

Monthly Zoning of the Air Pollution and Surveying its Relationship with Climatic Factors (Case Study: Mashhad City)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Urbanization expanse and population growth, as well as pilgrim's possibility of some cities provide overuse of vehicles and consequently increased air pollution. Thus by considering the importance of the impact of air pollution on human health, in this study, air pollution in terms of PM10 using PSI standard index and inverse distance weighting is zoned in Mashhad. On the other hand, meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction and rainfall have also been analyzed, by comparing and overlapping in geographic information system and also by evaluation the relationship between climatic factors and PSI index using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the impact of climatic factors on air pollution reduction is partially visible. So that in end of March and early of April has reduced the amount of air pollution due to spring rainfall and in the months of January and February, air pollution levels have risen than warm months due to less precipitation and temperature inversion. In addition, the wind direction had the greatest impact on reducing of air pollution and in the end of March and early of April and December, appear the highest correlation between them (r = - 0.902, p = 0.014, r = -0.817, p = 0.04 respectively). The most of air pollution have been seen in the city center around Sadaf, Lashgar and Nakhrisi stations in majority of months, having more traffic, as well as less rainfall and wind speed and favorable wind direction.

Keywords

Akbari, E., Mohammadnia, M., and Keshavarz Mozafari, Z., 2012. Aanalyze of air pollution in Mashhad using GIS. Environmental Science Association Student Congress. University of Sabzevar (in Persian).
Akhavan, R., Karami Khorramabad, M. and Sosani J., 2011. Application of kriging and IDW at the susceptibility and the density of the forest canopy of oak coppice (case study Kakarzay District of Khorramabad). Journal of Forestry. Forest Society of Iran, third year. No. 4, 305 -316 (in Persian).
Arbabi Sabzevari, A. Moghly, M. and Arbabi Nia, A., 2009. Effect evaluation of precipitation as climatic element over the contamination and pollution of Tehran Metropolis using SCHEFF Model and GIS over the past two decades. Journal of Physical Geography, Second Year. No. VI, 15-30 (in Persian).
Ataii, H., and Hashemi Nasab, S., 2011. Identification and analysis of patterns of atmospheric of middle level effected on air pollution in the city of Isfahan. Research and Urban Planning Journal. Second year. No. IV, 97-102 (in Persian).
Bebran, S. and Ghamkhar, A., 2007. Losses of air pollution in Tehran. Human and environmental Journal. Issue 4, 15, 24-31 (in Persian).
Doherty, R. M., Wild, O., Shindell, D. T., Zeng, G., MacKenzie, I. A., Collins, W. J., Fiore, A. M., Stevenson, D. S., Dentener, F. J., Schultz, M. G., Hess, P., Derwent, R. G., and T. J. Keating, 2013. Impacts of climate change on surface ozone and intercontinental ozone pollution: A multi-model study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 118, 1–20, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50266.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1998. Guideline for reporting of daily Air Quality- Pollutant Standard Index (PSI), Office of Air Quality. Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
Erfan Manesh, M., and Efyoni, M., 2000. Environment pollution (water, soil and air). Isfahan University Press (in Persian).
Fang, Y., Mauzerall, D. L., Liu, J., Fiore, A. M., Horowitz, L. W., 2013. Impacts of 21st century climate change on global air pollution-related premature mortality. Climatic Change. 121: 239–253, DOI 10.1007/s10584-013-0847-8.
Ghiyathoddin, M., 2006. Air pollution, sources, effects and control. Tehran University Press.
Hafeznia, M R. 2010. An introduction to the research method in humanities (total revision with additions). Seventeenth Edition. Tehran. Samt press.1-409 (in Persian).
Jahanshiri, M., 2010. Synoptic and statistical Survey air pollution of Mashhad. Master's thesis of climatology. Department of Geography and Environmental Science. University of Sabzevar (in Persian).
Khorshiddost, A. M., and Ghavidel Rahimi, J., 2006. Effects of doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide on climate change in Tabriz using Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model. Journal of Ecology. No. 39, 1-10 (in Persian).
Mohammadi, H. M., 2002. The influence of climatic factors and air pollutants on asthma disease in Tehran during 1995-1999. Journal of Faculty of Humanistic Sciences. Tehran University. No. summer and fall. 153-172 (in Persian).
Mohammadi, H., 2006. Climatic factors and air pollutants in Tehran linked to deaths from heart disease. Geographical Research. No. 58, 47-66 (in Persian).
Park, D.H., Han, K.B., and Kang, I.J., 2012. The Visualization by Analyzing the Relationship between the Air Pollutants and Climatic Factors using GIS. Proceedings of International conference on disaster management, http://iiirr.ucalgary.ca/, Kumamoto, Japan, August 24 - 26, 558 – 564.
Peel, J. L., Haeuber, R., Garcia, V., Russel, A. G., Neas, L., 2012. Impact of nitrogen and climate change interactions on ambient air pollution and human health. Biogeochemistry. Open access at Springerlink.com, 1-14, DOI 10.1007/s10533-012-9782-4.
Pour Ahmad, A., 1998. The climate and geography at air pollution in Tehran. Geographical Studies. No. 34, 38-53 (in Persian).
Shahkar, G.h., and Bozorgnia, A. 2007. Experimental designs 1. Tehran; Payam Noor (in Persian).
Skani kazazi, G. H. and Lalesiah Pirani, M., 2010. Synoptic analysis of air pollution in Tehran. Journal of Geography. 135-161 (in Persian).
Vahidiasl, M G.h., 2006. Statistics and Probability in Geography 2.Tehran; Payam Noor (in Persian).
Webster, r, and Oliver M.A., 2000. Geostatistics for Environmental scientists. Wiley press. 271pp.
Zare, F. and Ghorbani, M., 2011. Examine the welfare effects of different changes policy in air pollution in Iran (Case Study: Mashhad, Iran). Special Issue of Urban Management. 317-318 (in Persian). 
Journal of Natural Environment
Volume 68, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
January 2016
Pages 533-547