Journal of Natural Environment

Journal of Natural Environment

Nitrate treatment of agricultural drainwater using bioreactor

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Atena Nadery 1
Hadi Ramezani Etedali 2
Abbas Kaviani 3
mojtaba Akram 4
Mohammad Bijankhan 3
1 t, Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, Iran
2 Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
3 Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, Iran
4 DrainageSpecialist,Iran
10.22059/jne.2020.298712.1937
Abstract
With increasing population growth, the need for food has increased, resulting in increased agricultural production needs. To produce more, there are three important sources of soil, water and fertilizer, the unskilled use of chemical fertilizers by farmers leads to damage to the soil and to water and, consequently, to human health. Over the last few decades, attention has grown to the environment, and hence the preservation of natural resources, including water and land, has become more important. Of the most widely used fertilizers, nitrate fertilizers (urea) and phosphate fertilizers are introduced into the environment after the use of additional amounts through agricultural drainage, which has led to phenomena such as nutrition, as well as dangerous diseases such as cancer. Filtration of these elements requires high costs. But a new method in drainage science is being studied and studied, which, along with controlled drainage, can solve many of these problems. This method uses bioreactors that have a natural background and can provide a good environment for the activity of the biologists. Regarding the costs and availability of wheat in all parts of Iran, wheat straw were selected as a bioreactor bed. The research was carried out in 24 hours with three replications of this experiment with a wastewater with about 54 mg/L nitrate. All measurements were carried out on the test site with a 7100 photometer. The results of this study showed that nitrate concentration decreases over time. The results of this study showed that the decrease in nitrate concentration increased over time. Minimum reduction rate of nitrate was 54% and the maximum reduction was 100%, which showed acceptable performance of the bioreactor. Also, the results of statistical tests such as t and analysis of variance showed that 51 days of wheat straw had no difference in the reduction of nitrate concentration (bioreactor yield). There was a significant effect of temperature and initial concentration on the results. In the first step, the initial concentration was ineffective in this study and the covariance test was performed to examine the effect of temperature on the longevity of straw and straw that showed a lack of temperature effect. According to the results, we can use the bioreactor with wheat straw to reduce nitrate concentration of drain water in downstream fields.
Keywords
Bioreactor
Nitrate concentration
wheat straw
Addy, K., Gold, A. J., Christianson, L. E., David, M. B., Schipper, L. A., & Ratigan, N. A. (2016). Denitrifying Bioreactors for Nitrate Removal: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Environment Quality, 45(3).
Ahmadvand, M., Soltani, J., Hashemi, A., & Veravipur, M. (2018). Effect of Biochar Application on the Efficiency of Nitrate Removal Bioreactors from Groundwater Drainage. Natural Environment, Natural Resources of Iran, 1(71): 1–10.
Akram, M. (2016). Controlled drainage. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage.
Ansari, S., Heydarpour, M., & Mousavi, S. F. (2016). Effect of Barley Straw as an Organic Filter to Reduce Drainage Water Nitrate. Iranian Water Research Journal, 1(10): 96–87.
Bafkar, A., & Babeli. N., (2019). Investigation of Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solution by Egg Shell Nanostructure Adsorbent. journal of evironment and water engineering, 5(2): 103–13.
Camargo, J., & Alonso, A. (2006). Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems. A global assessment. J. Environ. Int, 32:831-849.
Chang, H., Yang, X., & Fang, H. (2009). In situ nitrogen removal from the eutrophic water by microbial plant intergrated system. J.Zhej. Univ. Sei. 17:521-531.
Dixit, R., Malaviya, D., Pandiyan, K., Singh, U. B., Sahu, A., Shukla, R., & Paul, D. (2015). Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Soil and Aquatic Environment: An Overview of Principles and Criteria of Fundamental Processes, 2189–2212.
Ranjkesh, D., Navabiani, M., Biglooyi, M.H. & EsmailiVaraki, M. (2015). Investigating the Effect of Controlled Drainage Management of Rice Peel on Nitrate and Drainage Nitrite in Conditions Similar to Paddy Fields. ijswr 46: 273–82.
Eslami, A., & Nemati, R. (2015). Removal of Heavy metal from aqueous environments using Bioremediation technology_review. Journal of Health in the Field, 2(3), 43–51.
Greenan, C. M., Moorman, T. B., Kaspar, T. C., Parkin, T. B., & Jaynes, D. B. (2006). Comparing Carbon Substrates for Denitrification of Subsurface Drainage Water, (3), 824–829.
Hashemi, S.E., Heidarpour, M., & Mostafazade, B. (2011). Assessment of nitrate reduction in two different usage of biofilters in underground drainage systems, Journal of irrigation science and engineering, 34(2):71 – 81. In Persian.
Hashemi, S.E., and Shirvani, M., Heidarpour, M., Mostafazade, B., Madani, A., Mousavi, S.F., & Gheysari, M. (2010). Nitrate Removal of Drainage Water with Barly Straw as Bioreactor Filter. In 9th International Drainage Symposium Held Jointly with CIGR and CSBE/SCGAB Proceedings,.
Hashemi, S.E., Heidarpour, M., & Mostafazade, B. (2011). Investigation of Nitrate Removal Rate in Two Modes of Biological Filtering in Underground Systems. Engineering and Irrigation Sciences (Scientific Journal of Agriculture, (2).
Hassanpour, B., et al. (2017). Seasonal Performance of Denitrifying Bioreactors in the Northeastern United States: Field Trials, Journal of Environmental Management, 202.
Hosseini,  s. M. H., & Razavi, A. (2014). A handbook for integrated water Resources management in basins.
Jaynes, D.B., & James, D.E. (2016). The extent of farm drainage in the United States.
Kellman, L. M. (2005). A study of tile drain nitrate -15N values as a tool for assessing nitrate sources in an agricultural region. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 71(2): 131-137.
Lin, Y.F., Jing, S.R., Wang, T.W., & Lee, D.Y. (2002). Effects of macrophytes and external carbon sources on nitrate removal from groundwater in constructed wetlands. J. Environ. Pollut., 119: 413-42 
Moghimi, N., Naseri, A., Soltanimohamadi, A., Hashemi, S.E., (2014). Assessment using Bagasse of Sugar cane on nitrate reduction of underground drainage water. journal of irrigation sciences and engineering 39(2).
Mokarram, P., Jaberi, H., Khoshdel, Z., Miladpour, B., Ramezani, F., Fahmideh, M. A., & Movahedi, B. (2013). Comparing the atomic absorption spectrophotometery and photometery. Iranian Standardization Elements Congress of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 16:705–706. 
Sirospur, S., Parvizi, M., Parvinnia, M., & Shokralahi, A. (2018). Nitrate Removal from Urban Floods by Multiple Filters Process, water and soil conservation 1(24).
South Dakota Water research Institue. (2015). Annual Technical Report FY 2015.
Zazouli, M., et al. (2019). Study on Performance of Walnut Shells Adsorbent in Nitrate Removal from the Aqueous Solutions. journal of research in environmental health 5(2): 144–53.
Journal of Natural Environment
Volume 73, Issue 3
Autumn 2020
Pages 613-624