Journal of Natural Environment

Journal of Natural Environment

Spatiotemporal analysis of Iran’s bioclimatic

Document Type : Research Paper

Author
Bakhtiar Mohammadi
10.22059/jne.2017.130349.977
Abstract
Cognition of the bioclimatic conditions of each location can be the first step in conducting many environmental studies. In fact, awareness of the capabilities and limitations of bioclimatic conditions provides planning and better management of human activities. This study was performed to determine the thermal comfort of Iran. For this purpose, the daily data of the climatic variables (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and cloudiness) in 193 synoptic stations was prepared from the Iran Meteorological Organization. First, based on the Physiological Equivalent Temperature index (PET), bioclimatic conditions, each of the stations studied. Then the long-term average bioclimatic conditions at each station were calculated for the whole year. Finally, database of the bioclimatic long-term conditions of all stations (with the dimensions of 193 * 366) had created. Using this database, bioclimatic daily conditions in Iran, interpolated to Kriging method. The following, monthly bioclimatic map of Iran was drawn. The results showed a high diversity of bioclimatic conditions on a scale of temporal or spatial. One place in Iran during the years also con has a very cold and hot condition. Likewise, in a specific time and in Iran, also the bioclimatic conditions indicate such a variety. In each month in Iran, can be seen special bioclimatic conditions. For example, in twelve months, respectively, a light warm (27.7 percent), warm (29.3 percent), very warm (30.8 percent), hot (5/45 percent), hot (2/42 percent), very warm (38 percent), g (31.3%) and climatic comfort (28.2 percent), cool (29.2 percent), cool (5/33 percent), cool (30.1 percent) and slightly cool (28.1%) in Iran Has been experienced. Based on this November is when the large part of the Iran (28.2 percent) has experienced climatic comfort. In the other months, extent of the climatic comfort conditions had been reduced.
Keywords
Comfort climatic
environment
Climate
comfort index
PET
Beaument, W., and Bullard, R. W., 1965. Sweating: Direct influence of skin temperature. Science, 147, 3664:1465-1467.
Caliskan, O., Cicek, I., and Matzarakis, A., 2012. The climate and bioclimate of Bursa (Turkey) from the perspective of tourism. Theor Appl Climatol, 108: 417-425.
Fanger, PO., 1972. Thermal comfort. Mcgraw Hill, New York.
Ghavidel Rahimi, Y., and Ahmadi, M., (2013) Estimation of climatic comfort when Tabriz, Geography and Development, No. 33, pp. 173-182.
Givoni, B., Noghuchi, M., Saaroni, H., Pochter, O., Yaacov, Y., Feller, N and Becker, S., 2003. Outdor comfort research issues. Energy and Building, 35: 77-86.
Gomez Martin, MB., 2004. An evaluation of the tourist potential of the climate in Catalonia (Spain): a regional study. Geografska Annaler, 86A: 249-264.
Hamilton, J., Lau, M., 2005. The role of climate information in tourist destination choice decision- making In: Gossling S, Hall CM (eds) Tourism. Recreation and climate change. Routledge, London, pp 229-250.
Heydari, M. Javad., Pour-Mohammadi, M. Reza., Jamali, F., and Lotfi, F., 2012. Environmental assessment, human climate of Zanjan and its role in the design of housing, New approaches in human geography, Issue II, pp. 83-101.
Kalkstein, A., 2008. Geographical variations in seasonal mortality across the United States: a bioclimatological approach. A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of philosophy, Arizona State University, UMI Number: 3319075.
Kantor, N, Unger. J., 2011. Benefits and opportunities of adopting GIS in thermal comfort studies in resting places: an urban park as an example. Landsc Urban Plan. 98: 36-46.
Lin. TP., and Matzarakis. A., 2008. Tourism climate and thermal comfort in Sun Moon Lake, Taiwan. Int J Biometeoral 52:281-290.
Matzarakis, A., and Mayer, H., 1997. Heat stress in Grece. Int J Biometeoral, 41: 34-39.
Matzarakis, A., Mayer, H., Iziomon, M., 1999. Heat stress in Greece applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature. Int J Biometeoral, 43:76-84.
Mayer, H., and Hoppe, P., 1987. Thermal comfort of mean in different urban environments. Theor Appl climatol, 38:43-49.
Mieczkowski, Z., 1985. The tourism climate index: a method for evaluating world climates for tourism. Can Geogr. 29:220-233.
Mohammadi, B., 2014. Estimation and spatial-temporal analysis of climatic comfort conditions in Kurdistan, Geographical Research Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. II, Serial 113, pp. 159-176.
Nikolopoulou, M., and Steemers, K., 2003. Thermal comfort and psychological adaptation as a guide for designing urban spaces. Energy buildings, 35 (1): 95-101.
Ramazani Gourbi, B., 2010. The zoning of human bioclimatic comfort for ecotourism planning in gilan, Iran South Western of Caspian Sea. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(8): 3690-3694.
Shakoor, A., 2011. Investigating biophysics and bioclimate effect on the health of tourists in Yazd Province using tourism climate index (TCI). International Journal of the Physical Science, 6 (28): 6607-6622.
Spagnolo, J., and de Dear, R., 2003. A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia. Building and Environment, 38: 721-738.
Steadman, R. G., 1971. Indices of windchill of clothed persons. J. Appl, Meteoral, 10: 674-683.
Steadman, R. G., 1979. The assessment of sultriness. Part I, A temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science. J. Appl, Meteoral, 18: 861-873.
Thom, E. C., 1959. The discomfort index. Weatherwise, 12: 57-60.
Journal of Natural Environment
Volume 70, Issue 2
Spring 2017
Pages 413-426