نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی

سنتز نانوذرات نقره به روش سازگار با محیط‌زیست با استفاده از عصارة هیدروالکلی Laurencia caspica و ارزیابی خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی و فعالیت ضد باکتریایی آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری نانو، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.

2 گروه محیط‌زیست، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.

3 گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد تنکابن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تنکابن، ایران.

4 باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2024.379541.2697

چکیده

نانوفناوری امروزه شاهد پیشرفت­ های چشم­گیری در زمینة نانومواد بوده است که با توسعه و کشف روش­ های جدید نگرانی ­ها در مورد آلودگی محیط‌زیست به‌وسیلة نانوذرات از طریق روش­ های شیمیایی و فیزیکی بیشتر شده است. بنابراین نیاز به روش­ های شیمی سبز که غیر سمی و دوست­دار محیط‌ زیست هستند احساس می­ شود. از این‌رو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر سنتز نانوذرات نقره به روش سازگار با محیط زیست با استفاده از عصارة هیدروالکلی جلبک قرمز دریای خزر (L. caspica)  Laurencia caspica و ارزیابی خواص آنتی ­اکسیدانی و ضد باکتریایی آن است. برای انجام این پژوهش، جلبک قرمز L. caspica از سواحل تنکابن جمع ­آوری و جهت تهیة عصاره از روش مایکروویو استفاده گردید. سپس به‌منظور شناسایی ترکیبات زیست‌فعال (متابولیت ­های ثانویه) موجود در عصاره براساس فارماکوپه از روش­ های موجود نظیر Trease and Evans استفاده شد. در ادامه، اندازه­ گیری مقدار کل ترکیبات فنولی و فلاونوئیدی عصاره به‌ترتیب با روش­ های فولین سیوکالتیو و رنگ‌سنجی آلومینیوم کلراید تعیین گردید. سپس از یک روش فیتوسنتز سازگار با محیط‌زیست به‌عنوان عامل کاهنده جهت سنتر نانوذرات نقره استفاده و با کمک دستگاه(های) UV-VIS، FT-IR، XRD و TEM نانوذرات سنتز شده مشخصه­ یابی شدند. در ادامه، خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی با روش­ DPPH0 محاسبه شد و در نهایت جهت ارزیابی فعالیت ضد باکتریایی در برابر باکتری ­های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و اشریشیاکلی از روش دیسک دیفیوژن استفاده گردید. غربالگری فیتوشیمیایی عصارة هیدروالکلی L. caspica  حضور متابولیت ­های ثانویه مانند ‌فلاونوئید‌ها، فنول‌ها، تانن ­ها، کینون‌ها، ترپنوئیدها و ساپونین‌ها را تایید کرد. مقدار کل ترکیبات فنولی و فلاونوئیدی عصارة هیدروالکلی­ L. capsica به‌ترتیب 4±95/61و 2±69/23میلی ­گرم بر میلی ­لیتر محاسبه گردید. تصاویر و الگوی پیک­ های حاصل از دستگاه­(ها) نشان داد که نانوذرات نقره دارای شکل تقریباً کروی و با اندازة نانوذرات 15 نانومتر می ­باشد. درصد مهار رادیکال آزاد مربوط به عصارة هیدروالکلی ­L. caspica و نانوذرات نقره سنتز شده به‌ترتیب 0/5­±76/35 و 0/1­±88/54 و مقدار IC50 آن­ها نیز به‌ترتیب 0/47 و  0/32 میکروگرم بر میلی­ لیتر به‌دست آمد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از فعالیت ضد باکتریایی نشان داد که در هر 2 سویه باکتری مقدار قطر هالة عدم رشد در نمونة مربوط به نانوذرات نقره نسبت به عصارة خالص به‌صورت معنی­داری افزایش یافته است و این مقدار در هر دو نمونه در باکتری گرم منفی نسبت به باکتری­ گرم مثبت بیشتر حاصل شد. بنابراین، براساس نتایج روش فیتوسنتز پیشنهادی که سازگار با محیط‌زیست بوده و همچنین با در نظر گرفتن متابولیت­ های ثانویه موجود در L. caspica و فعالیت زیستی قابل ملاحظة آن، با انجام مطالعات تکمیلی قابلیت استفاده در زمینه ­های مختلف را به‌عنوان عامل ضد باکتریایی و آنتی­ اکسیدانی دارد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly method using Laurencia caspica hydroalcoholic extract and evaluation of its antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahab Ojani 1
  • Farid Gholamreza Fahimi 2
  • Mohsen Mohammadi 3
  • Meysam Pashaee 4

1 Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.

2 Department of Environment, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.

3 Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.

4 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Karaj. Iran.

چکیده [English]

Nanotechnology has seen significant advances in nanomaterials today, with the development and discovery of new methods, concerns about environmental pollution by nanoparticles through chemical and physical methods have increased. So the need for green chemistry methods that are non-toxic and environmentally friendly is felt. Hence, the aim of the present project is to synthesize silver nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly way using Laurencia caspica (L. caspica) hydroalcoholic extract and evaluation its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. To do this research, the red algae L. caspica was collected from the beaches of Tonekabon and used the microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method to make the extract. Then, in order to identify the bioactive compounds (secondary metabolites) in the extract based on Pharmacopoeia, available methods such as trease and evans were used. Next, the measurement of the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of the extract was determined by the folin-ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods respectively. An environmentally friendly phytosynthesis method was then used as a reducing agent for the center of silver nanoparticles and was characterized by UV-VIS, FT-IR, XRD and TEM synthesized nanoparticles. Next, the antioxidant properties were then calculated by DPPH0 and finally the diffusion disc method was used to evaluate antibacterial activity against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Phytochemical screening of L. caspica hydroalcoholic extract confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quinones, terpenoids and saponins. The total amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of L. caspica hydroalcoholic extract was calculated at 95.61±4 and 69.23±2 mg­/­mL respectively. The images and patterns of the peaks obtained from the device­s showed that silver nanoparticles have a roughly spherical shape and with a nanoparticle size of 15 nanometers. The percentage of free radical inhibition related to L. caspica hydroalcoholic extract and silver nanoparticles synthesized 76.35±0.5 and 88.54±0.1 respectively, and their IC50 value was also obtained 0.47 and 0.32 mg/ml respectively. The results of the antibacterial activity revealed that in each of the two strains of bacteria, the zone of inhibition (mm) in the sample related to silver nanoparticles increased significantly compared to pure extract, and this amount was higher in both samples in gram negative bacteria than in gram positive bacteria. Therefore, according to the results, the proposed phytosynthesis method, which is environmentally friendly and can be used in various fields as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent, taking into account the secondary metabolites present in L. caspica and its significant bioactivity by conducting supplementary studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant properties
  • Environment
  • Escherichia coli
  • Laurencia caspica
  • Silver nanoparticles
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نشریه محیط زیست طبیعی
دوره 78، ویژه‌نامه پایش و مدیریت آلاینده‌های محیط‌زیست طبیعی
تیر 1404
صفحه 87-100