ارزیابی اثرات اکولوژیک تفرج بر کیفیت خاک و پوشش گیاهی در مناطق تحت‌حفاظت (مطالعة موردی: پارک ملی و پناهگاه حیات‌وحش قمیشلو)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین، محیط‌زیست طبیعی و تنوع زیستی، دانشکدۀ محیط‌زیست

2 استادیار، گروه محیط‌زیست طبیعی و تنوع زیستی، دانشکدۀ محیط‌زیست

3 دانشیار،گروه محیط‌زیست طبیعی و تنوع زیستی، دانشکدۀ محیط‌زیست

4 دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

این تحقیق با استفاده از رهیافت تجزیه­و­تحلیل سیستمی به ارزیابی اثرات تفرج بر روی برخی از خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک (وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک، تخلخل و رطوبت وزنی خاک) و وضعیت پوشش گیاهی (میزان تراکم، تنوع و فراوانی) در پارک ملی و پناهگاه حیات­وحش قمیشلو پرداخته است. به منظور رسیدن به اهداف مورد نظر ابتدا با استفاده از روش روی همگذاری، نقشة واحدهای محیط­زیستی منطقه به دست آمد و پس از شناسایی یگان­های اکولوژیک یکسان از نظر طبقات شیب، جهت، ارتفاع، ضریب مقاومت سنگ، ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک (فرسایش، سنگریزه، تحول­یافتگی، زهکشی، بافت و عمق خاک) و پوشش گیاهی (وضعیت تراکم، گرایش مرتع و میزان تولید کل در هکتار)، در 38 یگان از زون­های تفرجی و 38 یگان متناظر آن در زون­های دست­نخورده و شاهد، یک پلات با ابعاد m2m×2 جهت بررسی پوشش گیاهی پیاده شد. عمل نمونه ­برداری از پروفیل خاک نیز با سه مرتبه تکرار از عمق cm5-0 و در صورت وجود از عمق cm10-5 با استفاده از روش استوانة فلزی انجام گردید. بررسی نتایج حاصل نشان داد که اختلاف بین وضعیت پوشش گیاهی و خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک (عمق cm5-0) در یگان­های مشابه با اطمینان 99%معنی­ دار است. اما اختلاف میان خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک در عمق cm10-5 در سطح 5% معنی­دار نشد. به­ طور کلی نتایج این تحقیق مشخص کرد تفرج موجب ایجاد اثرات منفی به لحاظ کیفیت خاک و پوشش گیاهی در زون­های تفرجی منطقة مورد مطالعه گشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecological Impacts Assessment of Recreation on Quality of Soil and Vegetation in Protected Areas (Case Study:Qhamishloo National park and Wildlife Refuge)

نویسندگان [English]

  • nazanin shirani sarmazeh 1
  • ali jahani 2
  • hamid goshtasb 3
  • k k 4

1

2

3 j

4 k

چکیده [English]

This study uses a system analysis to evaluate the effects of outdoor activities on some physical properties of the soil (soil bulk density, porosity and soil moisture content) and vegetation status (density, diversity and abundance) in the Qhamishloo national park and wildlife refuge has been researched.In order to achieve the desired objectives, by using the overlaying method, a map of environmental units of the region was obtained and after identifying the ecological units for the slopes, directions, elevation, resistance coefficient of rock, physical features of soil (erosion, pebbles, evolution, drainage, texture and depth of soil) and vegetation (density, pasture tendency and total production per hectare), in 38 units of the recreation zones and 38 units corresponding in untouched zones, one plot were taken (2m×2m) to assess vegetation.Action sampling of the soil profile with three replicates of the depth 0-5 cm and if there is, of the depth 5-10cm by using the method of the cylindrical-metal was performed. The results showed that the difference between vegetation status and physical properties of soil (depth 0-5 cm) in similar units with a 99% confidence was significant.However, the difference between the physical properties of soil at a depth of 5-10 cm was not significant at 5% level.In general, the results of this study showed that recreation has caused negative effects on the quality of soil and vegetation in the recreational zones of the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • EIA
  • system analysis
  • Qhamishloo national park and wildlife refuge
  • recreation
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