پهنه‌بندی خسارت بیماری قارچی و گیاهان نیمه‌انگل درختان در منطقة حفاظت‌شدة جهان‌نما و پارک ملی گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه جنگلداری، دانشکدة علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2025.399266.2827

چکیده

در پارک ملی گلستان و منطقة حفاظت‌شدة جهان‌نما، تغییرات رویشگاه‌های جنگلی و کاهش درختان به‌دلیل بیماری‌ها و گیاهان نیمه‌انگل از چالش‌های اصلی است. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی تهدیدات و ارائة راهکارهای مدیریتی در سطح 121.512 هکتار انجام شد. با استفاده از روش یک‌چهارم نقطة مرکزی، ۶۵۵ قطعه نمونه با فاصلة ۱۰۰۰ متر پیاده‌سازی و داده‌هایی شامل تعداد درختان بیمار و سالم، نوع و محل خسارت، درصد خشکیدگی و رتبة خسارت ثبت گردید. نتایج نشان داد ۱۷ گونة قارچ بیماری‌زا و دو گیاه نیمه‌انگل ارس واش (Arceuthobium oxycedri) و دارواش (Viscum album) در منطقه فعال هستند. پهنه‌بندی خطر بیماری در پنج رتبه (از سالم تا خشک) انجام شد. در پارک ملی گلستان (90.193 هکتار)، 20/34٪ درختان بیمار، 3/58٪ کاملاً خشک‌شده و 35/37٪ مساحت آلوده به دارواش بود. در منطقة جهان‌نما (31.317 هکتار)، 34/50٪ مساحت آلوده به گیاهان نیمه‌انگل و ۱٪ درختان خشک‌شده بودند. همپوشانی خسارت بیماری‌های قارچی و گیاهان نیمه‌انگل در رویشگاه‌های ممرز، کچف، بلندمازو و زالزالک مشاهده شد که منجر به ایجاد گپ و گسستگی در زیستگاه‌ها شده است. در صورت عدم کنترل این عوامل، تخریب گستردة اکوسیستم و مرگ درختان در مقیاس وسیع دور از انتظار نخواهد بود. این مطالعه لزوم تدوین سیاست‌های مدیریت یکپارچه برای اولویت‌بندی اقدامات حفاظتی را تأکید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Zoning of damage caused by fungal diseases and semi-parasitic plants in the Jahan Nama Protected Area and Golestan National Park

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohamadreza Kavosi
  • Jahangir Mohamadi
  • Vahideh Payamnoor

Department of Forestry and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In Golestan National Park and the Jahan Nama Protected Area, changes in forest habitats and the decline of trees due to diseases and semi-parasitic plants are among the main challenges. This research was conducted with the aim of assessing threats and proposing management solutions over an area of 121,510 hectares. Using the center quarter point method, 655 sample plots were implemented at 1000-meter intervals, and data including the number of diseased and healthy trees, the type and location of damage, the percentage of dieback, and the damage rating were recorded. The results showed that 17 species of pathogenic fungi and two semi-parasitic plants, juniper dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium oxycedri) and European mistletoe (Viscum album), are active in the region. Disease risk was zoned into five ratings (from healthy to dead). In Golestan National Park (90,193 hectares), 20.34% of the trees were diseased, 58.3% were completely dead, and 37.35% of the area was infested with European mistletoe. In the Jahan Nama region (31,317 hectares), 50.34% of the area was infested with semi-parasitic plants and 1% of the trees were dead. Overlap of damage from fungal diseases and semi-parasitic plants was observed in the habitats of hornbeam, beech, Persian ironwood, and hawthorn, leading to the creation of gaps and fragmentation in the habitats. If these factors are not controlled, widespread ecosystem degradation and large-scale tree mortality would not be unexpected. This study emphasizes the necessity of developing integrated management policies to prioritize conservation actions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fungal disease
  • Golestan National Park
  • Jahan Nama Protected Area
  • Semi-parasitic plants
  • Zoning
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