کاهش میزان نیترات آب با کاربرد زغال ‌زیستی اصلاح شده با اسید و آهن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدة علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

10.22059/jne.2025.390307.2767

چکیده

مصرف آب آلوده به نیترات یکی از نگرانی‌های جدی در سطح جهان است. روش‌های متعددی برای حذف نیترات از آب بررسی شده‌اند که در میان آنها، جذب به‌وسیلة جاذب‌های ارزان و در دسترس جایگاه ویژه‌ای دارد؛ با این حال، همچنان چالش‌هایی در جذب آنیون‌هایی مانند نیترات وجود دارد. در این پژوهش، زغال ‌زیستی حاصل از کاه برنج تولیدشده در دمای 600 درجة سانتی‌گراد به‌عنوان جاذب نیترات مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. به‌منظور بهبود کارایی جذب، زغال‌ زیستی با اسید هیدروکلریک 1 نرمال و همچنین با آهن سه‌ظرفیتی در دو pH مختلف (2 و 6) اصلاح شد. آزمایش‌ها در قالب طرح تصادفی انجام و کارایی تیمارهای مختلف مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمام تیمارها موجب افزایش ظرفیت جذب نیترات شدند، به‌طوری که بیشترین میزان جذب مربوط به زغال ‌زیستی اصلاح‌شده با آهن سه‌ظرفیتی در 2=pH بود و کارایی جذب آن حدود 53 درصد بیشتر از زغال ‌زیستی خام بود. بهینه‌سازی شرایط جذب برای این تیمار نشان داد که بیشترین جذب در زمان تماس 90 دقیقه و pH=3 رخ می‌دهد. در بررسی اثر میزان جاذب، مقدار 0/625 گرم بر لیتر بیشترین جذب نیترات در واحد جرم جاذب را ایجاد کرد، هرچند با افزایش مقدار جاذب، درصد کل حذف نیترات از محلول نیز بیشتر شد. همچنین با افزایش غلظت اولیة نیترات تا 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر، ظرفیت جذب تا حدود 30 میلی‌گرم بر گرم افزایش یافت. هم‌دماهای جذب (ایزوترم) لانگمویر بهترین برازش را نشان داد. نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن بود که که زغال ‌زیستی تولیدشده از کاه برنج در دمای 600 درجة سانتی‌گراد، در صورت اصلاح با آهن سه‌ظرفیتی در pH=2، ممکن است بتواند به‌عنوان یک جاذب مؤثر برای کاهش نیترات از محیط‌های آبی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reduction of nitrate in water using acid and iron-modified biochar

نویسندگان [English]

  • مهری برومند
  • Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar
  • Mehdi Ghajar Sepanlu
  • Mostafa Emadi

Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The presence of nitrate in drinking water is a major global concern. Various methods have been explored for nitrate removal, among which adsorption using low-cost and readily available adsorbents holds a special position; however, challenges remain in the adsorption of anions such as nitrate. In this study, biochar derived from rice straw, produced at 600 °C, was evaluated as a nitrate adsorbent. To enhance adsorption performance, the biochar was modified with 1 N hydrochloric acid and with trivalent iron at two different pH values (2 and 6). Experiments were conducted in a randomized design to compare the efficiency of different treatments. Results indicated that all treatments improved nitrate adsorption, with the highest uptake observed for iron-modified biochar at pH 2, showing approximately 53% higher adsorption than unmodified biochar. Optimization revealed that maximum adsorption occurred at a contact time of 90 minutes and pH 3. In examining the effect of adsorbent dose, 0.625 g/L provided the highest adsorption capacity per unit mass, although increasing the adsorbent dose increased the overall nitrate removal percentage. Furthermore, increasing the initial nitrate concentration up to 100 mg/L raised the adsorption capacity to about 30 mg/g. Adsorption isotherm analysis indicated that the Langmuir model provided the best fit. These findings suggest that rice straw biochar produced at 600 °C and modified with trivalent iron at pH 2 can serve as an effective adsorbent for nitrate removal from aqueous environments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adsorbent
  • Adsorbate
  • Aqueous medium
  • Equilibrium time
  • Isotherm
  • Optimum pH
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