University of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Monitoring of concentration of heavy metals in Conocarpus erectus in different areas of industrial city of AbadanMonitoring of concentration of heavy metals in Conocarpus erectus in different areas of industrial city of Abadan1431577142910.22059/jne.2019.269389.1584FALielaAmiriChemistry Department, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43169, IranRoyaAzadiChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranSaadatRastegarzadehChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranParzhakZoufanBiology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20181111This research was conducted in order to investigate the capability of Conocarpus erectus for accumulation of metal contaminants from overloaded, low traffic areas and areas near the refinery in the city of Abadan (Khouzestan, Iran) at 1395 and 1396. Samples were collected from 9 stations in two stages hot season (spring and summer) and cold season (winter). The concentrations of copper, lead, chromium, cobalt, cadmium and zinc were measured in the leaves of conocarpus tree. The results of the study showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the plants of industrial area was higher than non-industrial areas with a high and low traffic density. Statistical analysis showed that the difference in measured values in industrial areas with traffic and residential areas was significant for copper (p = 0.0001), lead (p = 0.01), cobalt (p = 0.01), cadmium (P = 0.0002) and zinc (p = 0.0003), and only chromium did not show significant difference (p = 0.1). Analysis of results for time effect also showed that only lead parameter was influenced by season (p = 0.009). Considering the results of the research, it can be concluded that in the industrial areas, heavy metals pollution is in a relatively high level and Conocarpus is a dependable biomonitor for air pollution investigations.This research was conducted in order to investigate the capability of Conocarpus erectus for accumulation of metal contaminants from overloaded, low traffic areas and areas near the refinery in the city of Abadan (Khouzestan, Iran) at 1395 and 1396. Samples were collected from 9 stations in two stages hot season (spring and summer) and cold season (winter). The concentrations of copper, lead, chromium, cobalt, cadmium and zinc were measured in the leaves of conocarpus tree. The results of the study showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the plants of industrial area was higher than non-industrial areas with a high and low traffic density. Statistical analysis showed that the difference in measured values in industrial areas with traffic and residential areas was significant for copper (p = 0.0001), lead (p = 0.01), cobalt (p = 0.01), cadmium (P = 0.0002) and zinc (p = 0.0003), and only chromium did not show significant difference (p = 0.1). Analysis of results for time effect also showed that only lead parameter was influenced by season (p = 0.009). Considering the results of the research, it can be concluded that in the industrial areas, heavy metals pollution is in a relatively high level and Conocarpus is a dependable biomonitor for air pollution investigations.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71429_a1441644d351fb0457b016b497333c53.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Seasonal Change of Gelycerol Contents in Insect Larvae(case studyZayanderud river)Seasonal Change of Gelycerol Contents in Insect Larvae(case studyZayanderud river)1591727140610.22059/jne.2019.265871.1559FABehnazAnsariDepartment of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology,OmidvarFarhadianDepartment of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, IranJavadKeramatDepartment of food scienceJournal Article20181009In recent years, global climate change and water resources drought was the most important enviromental stress in aquatic life to be tolerable levels of temperature and humidity changes. The thermal shock and drying in summer, and cold shock and freezing in winter are the factors for determination of survival strategy invertebrates. Diapause and anhydrobiosis are the adaptation for survival in organisms. The accumulation of sugurs and polyol are the common physiological characteristic among anhydrobiotic organisms. The sampling carried out for one year from autumn 2015 to summer 2016 each season from two The amount of glycerol were 18.31, 7.65, 17.63 and 23.21 µg/mg wet weight for Simuliidae during spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively.; and for Tipulidae were 8.19, 7.36, 30.35 and 8.97 µg/mg wet weight; and for Baetidae were 44.43, 17.85, 38.07 and 11.13 µg/mg wet weight. In Simuliidae the glycerol contents did not significant differences among summer and autumn (P > 0.05) while had significant differences (P < 0.05) in other seasons. In Tipulidae the glycerol had not significant differences in spring and summer (P > 0.05) and also had not significant differences in spring and winter (P > 0.05) while had significant differences (P < 0.05) in autumn with the other seasons. In the Baetidae the glycerol contents showed significant differences among different seasons (P < 0.05). The increasing polyols with of low molecular weight associated with diapause and anhydrobiosis In early autumn the insect larvae which exposed to cold shock increased the cryoprotectant components and consumed them as antifreezing. In addition, the insect larvae increased the antifreezing agents which make them to survive in the high temperature and desiccation during summer. This study illustrated that the insect larvae response to environment ecological conditions by glycerol content, especially during freezing and desiccation.In recent years, global climate change and water resources drought was the most important enviromental stress in aquatic life to be tolerable levels of temperature and humidity changes. The thermal shock and drying in summer, and cold shock and freezing in winter are the factors for determination of survival strategy invertebrates. Diapause and anhydrobiosis are the adaptation for survival in organisms. The accumulation of sugurs and polyol are the common physiological characteristic among anhydrobiotic organisms. The sampling carried out for one year from autumn 2015 to summer 2016 each season from two The amount of glycerol were 18.31, 7.65, 17.63 and 23.21 µg/mg wet weight for Simuliidae during spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively.; and for Tipulidae were 8.19, 7.36, 30.35 and 8.97 µg/mg wet weight; and for Baetidae were 44.43, 17.85, 38.07 and 11.13 µg/mg wet weight. In Simuliidae the glycerol contents did not significant differences among summer and autumn (P > 0.05) while had significant differences (P < 0.05) in other seasons. In Tipulidae the glycerol had not significant differences in spring and summer (P > 0.05) and also had not significant differences in spring and winter (P > 0.05) while had significant differences (P < 0.05) in autumn with the other seasons. In the Baetidae the glycerol contents showed significant differences among different seasons (P < 0.05). The increasing polyols with of low molecular weight associated with diapause and anhydrobiosis In early autumn the insect larvae which exposed to cold shock increased the cryoprotectant components and consumed them as antifreezing. In addition, the insect larvae increased the antifreezing agents which make them to survive in the high temperature and desiccation during summer. This study illustrated that the insect larvae response to environment ecological conditions by glycerol content, especially during freezing and desiccation.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71406_ae898d4be7fed8833fb90ce0d2cb9ee7.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Studying the feasibility of investment inviroment in Iran valuation model (Case study Ben City in the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari)Studying the feasibility of investment inviroment in Iran valuation model (Case study Ben City in the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari)1731867146410.22059/jne.2019.268250.1576FAFarzanehBahrami ChaleshtoriAgricultural Economics, Agriculture, Natural Resources and Desertification, Ardakan, Ardakan, IranAhmadFatahi ArdakaniAgricultural Economics, Agriculture, Natural Resources and Desertification, Ardakan, Ardakan, IranAkramNeshatAgricultural Economics, Agricultural Resources and Desertification, Ardakan, Ardakan, IranMasoudFehresti SaniAgricultural Economics, Agriculture, Natural Resources and Desertification, Ardakan, Ardakan, IranJournal Article20181025Population growth and the spread of science and technology have led to the removal of natural resources from natural sources of danger to the environment. The natural resources of each country are one of the major infrastructures of its economic development, and this is especially true in developing countries. Sustainable management of natural and semi-natural ecosystems requires adequate information on the economic value of ecosystem services. Economic valuation of ecosystem services is aimed at preventing the destruction and unnecessary utilization of natural resources and modifying and modifying the national computing system. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of environmental capital of Ben in 201. In this study, in order to calculate the relative value of environmental capital markets, alternative methods of cost-effective engineering and cost of opportunity and to estimate the economic value of non-market capitalization of the environment through the conditional valuation method, utilizing the approach of the proposed preferences and the model Logit is used. Data needed in this study include statistics and information recorded in the provincial departments, as well as completion of 554 two-dimensional double-choice questionnaires in Ben in 2016. The non-market values of this city were divided into two sections: recreational and recreational areas.The results of the study showed that recreation and conservation value of the region was estimated using the conditional valuation method, 37727/96 and 30420/02 million and the market value was estimated using the opportunity cost method of 3307107/16 million million rials. The total value of the environmental capital of the city was 3375255/14 million rials in 2016, which represents the minimum value of the investment of politicians in the region.Population growth and the spread of science and technology have led to the removal of natural resources from natural sources of danger to the environment. The natural resources of each country are one of the major infrastructures of its economic development, and this is especially true in developing countries. Sustainable management of natural and semi-natural ecosystems requires adequate information on the economic value of ecosystem services. Economic valuation of ecosystem services is aimed at preventing the destruction and unnecessary utilization of natural resources and modifying and modifying the national computing system. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of environmental capital of Ben in 201. In this study, in order to calculate the relative value of environmental capital markets, alternative methods of cost-effective engineering and cost of opportunity and to estimate the economic value of non-market capitalization of the environment through the conditional valuation method, utilizing the approach of the proposed preferences and the model Logit is used. Data needed in this study include statistics and information recorded in the provincial departments, as well as completion of 554 two-dimensional double-choice questionnaires in Ben in 2016. The non-market values of this city were divided into two sections: recreational and recreational areas.The results of the study showed that recreation and conservation value of the region was estimated using the conditional valuation method, 37727/96 and 30420/02 million and the market value was estimated using the opportunity cost method of 3307107/16 million million rials. The total value of the environmental capital of the city was 3375255/14 million rials in 2016, which represents the minimum value of the investment of politicians in the region.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71464_acd5ae8869db1048a4502ff38e145b71.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Cranial morphometric variations of Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) from the Zagros mountains and northern and northeastern mountainous areas based on Geometric morphometric analysisCranial morphometric variations of Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) from the Zagros mountains and northern and northeastern mountainous areas based on Geometric morphometric analysis1871987140010.22059/jne.2018.226005.1329FASajadTavakoliwild life expertMohammadKaboli0000-0002-9203-2346MohsenAhmadiJournal Article20170125Persian leopard is considered as the largest feline in Iran, which has the wide distribution along the Alborz and the Zagros mountains. Considering the differences in climate, vegetation types, dietary habits, as well as the substantial fragmentation in their habitats in the two mountainous areas, morphological variation of the species in the two areas it looks probable. A landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis was performed using high quality 2D pictures from the dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of 42 Persian leopardʼs skulls. Procrust Analysis was used to remove the effect of none-shape parameters in landmark points and Discriminant Analysis was carried out to verify the differences between skulls in the two study areas. Our results revealed that the skulls of the two ranges of mountains are different in their overall shape, as we found the significant differences in zygomatic arch, occipital bone and nasal suture of frontal bone between the two dataset. This could be resulted from different allometric growth pattern, habitat characteristics and environmental parameters, and genetic variation among the populations of the species in this two geographic ranges.Persian leopard is considered as the largest feline in Iran, which has the wide distribution along the Alborz and the Zagros mountains. Considering the differences in climate, vegetation types, dietary habits, as well as the substantial fragmentation in their habitats in the two mountainous areas, morphological variation of the species in the two areas it looks probable. A landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis was performed using high quality 2D pictures from the dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of 42 Persian leopardʼs skulls. Procrust Analysis was used to remove the effect of none-shape parameters in landmark points and Discriminant Analysis was carried out to verify the differences between skulls in the two study areas. Our results revealed that the skulls of the two ranges of mountains are different in their overall shape, as we found the significant differences in zygomatic arch, occipital bone and nasal suture of frontal bone between the two dataset. This could be resulted from different allometric growth pattern, habitat characteristics and environmental parameters, and genetic variation among the populations of the species in this two geographic ranges.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71400_5ac91d1ebbb096dd21771789b9ebf62b.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622chromosomal study of yellow sweet-clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.) under heavy metals pollution of lead and zinc mine of Zeh Abad, Qazvinchromosomal study of yellow sweet-clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.) under heavy metals pollution of lead and zinc mine of Zeh Abad, Qazvin1992127140810.22059/jne.2019.267858.1570FAFatemehHajmoradiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of science, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, IranَAlirezaTaleb BeydokhtiDepartment of Geology, Imam Khomeini International University, Quzvin, IranJournal Article20181024Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. belonging to Fabaceae growing in the vicinity of zinc and lead mine around Zeh abad village, Qazvin province, Iran. The aim of this study is determination of amount of zinc and lead pollution in sampled soil and water and find out how M. officinalis is affected by a long-term exposure to pollutants focusing on the meiotic behavior of pollen mother cells (PMCs) and pollen fertility. The chemical analysis of soil and water samples from the studied area by the ICP-MS indicates presence of lead and zinc in a concentration much higher than the standard. The results revealed that polluted soil and water with heavy metals had a significant impeding effect on the division of PMCs in M. officinalis as noticed by the increase in meiosis abnormality percentage, decrease in meiotic index (MI) and pollen fertility compared to the control and can lead to genotoxicity in under study plant. The present data indicate that this species is not meiotically stable. In general, the pollen mother cells of specimen grown in polluted soil exhibited an increased incidence of chromosome stickiness, B-chromosomes, chromosome bridges, laggard chromosomes, micronuclei, cytomixis and formation of tripolar cells.Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. belonging to Fabaceae growing in the vicinity of zinc and lead mine around Zeh abad village, Qazvin province, Iran. The aim of this study is determination of amount of zinc and lead pollution in sampled soil and water and find out how M. officinalis is affected by a long-term exposure to pollutants focusing on the meiotic behavior of pollen mother cells (PMCs) and pollen fertility. The chemical analysis of soil and water samples from the studied area by the ICP-MS indicates presence of lead and zinc in a concentration much higher than the standard. The results revealed that polluted soil and water with heavy metals had a significant impeding effect on the division of PMCs in M. officinalis as noticed by the increase in meiosis abnormality percentage, decrease in meiotic index (MI) and pollen fertility compared to the control and can lead to genotoxicity in under study plant. The present data indicate that this species is not meiotically stable. In general, the pollen mother cells of specimen grown in polluted soil exhibited an increased incidence of chromosome stickiness, B-chromosomes, chromosome bridges, laggard chromosomes, micronuclei, cytomixis and formation of tripolar cells.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71408_4e8edd901af8702d7a100f0d9602859a.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Assessment of contamination and mobility potential of potentially toxic elements in the Zayanderud sediments, Isfahan metropolisAssessment of contamination and mobility potential of potentially toxic elements in the Zayanderud sediments, Isfahan metropolis2132267139910.22059/jne.2018.211507.1210FARasoolHemmasian EtefaghMehdiKhorasanipourگروه زمین شناسی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمانShahbaz RadfarRadfarJournal Article20161105Sediment environment has a special importance in the ecosystem, because it acts as a sink for the potentially toxic elements in the water/sediment environment and also in a special conditions can be a major source for the contaminant elements. The aim of this study is to assess the concentration and contamination potential of potentially toxic elements in the Zayaderoud sediments with a special emphasis on the role of the Isfahan metropolis. For this purpose, 23 sediment samples were collected from the Zayanderud River within the boundary of the Isfahan city. After preparation process, the total concentration of target elements was measured by ICP-OES method. Also, single extraction methods were applied to the samples using 0.43M acid acetic and 0.05M EDTA leaching solutions. Evaluation of the total concentration results using environmental pollution indices showed that the concentrations of Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, and S were higher than the natural background values suggesting an anthropogenic source. The contamination potential was increased from upstream to the downstream, especially after treatment plant located south of the Isfahan. According to the PCA multivariate statistical method, elements with the same sources fall into the same groups, so that the elements with the anthropogenic source showed the same group with high correlation. Determination of the soluble fraction using single extraction methods showed that 50 percent of statistical population of Cu and S has mobility factor higher than 30 percent corresponded with the high risk potential. Also, 50 percent of statistical population of Pb, Mn, and Zn showed mobility factor between 10 to 30 corresponded with the medium risk of these elements.Sediment environment has a special importance in the ecosystem, because it acts as a sink for the potentially toxic elements in the water/sediment environment and also in a special conditions can be a major source for the contaminant elements. The aim of this study is to assess the concentration and contamination potential of potentially toxic elements in the Zayaderoud sediments with a special emphasis on the role of the Isfahan metropolis. For this purpose, 23 sediment samples were collected from the Zayanderud River within the boundary of the Isfahan city. After preparation process, the total concentration of target elements was measured by ICP-OES method. Also, single extraction methods were applied to the samples using 0.43M acid acetic and 0.05M EDTA leaching solutions. Evaluation of the total concentration results using environmental pollution indices showed that the concentrations of Ag, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, and S were higher than the natural background values suggesting an anthropogenic source. The contamination potential was increased from upstream to the downstream, especially after treatment plant located south of the Isfahan. According to the PCA multivariate statistical method, elements with the same sources fall into the same groups, so that the elements with the anthropogenic source showed the same group with high correlation. Determination of the soluble fraction using single extraction methods showed that 50 percent of statistical population of Cu and S has mobility factor higher than 30 percent corresponded with the high risk potential. Also, 50 percent of statistical population of Pb, Mn, and Zn showed mobility factor between 10 to 30 corresponded with the medium risk of these elements.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71399_3672e24f21e2fed71c1014c57c3777ef.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Investigating the effects of chemical fertilizers on population variations of different species of earthwormsInvestigating the effects of chemical fertilizers on population variations of different species of earthworms2272387140210.22059/jne.2019.263915.1554FAMojtabaYahyabadiAmir HosseinHamidianUniversity of TehranSohrabAshrafiTehran UniversityJournal Article20180815Earthworms have been used for many toxicity assay and environmental assessments because of the remarkable role they play in the biological, chemical and physical processes of the soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of chemical fertilizers on the density of earthworms in the soil of an orchard. One square meter area was considered as experimental plot. Seven different types of fertilizers including Urea, Ammonium sulfate (AS), Diammonium phosphate (DAP), Solupotas, NPK (15-5-25), (NPK+OM) and organic manure (OM) as experimental treatments were studied, based on the soil test. Abundance of worms were evaluated in two stages of time and in 2 depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm of soil. In the first stage, 20 days after the addition of fertilizers, and in the second stage, 60 days after fertilization, earthworms were sampled and their number changes were measured. Treatments were applied in three replications and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (using the GLM process) by SPSS software.<br />The results of the means comparison showed that on the 20th day, at 0-20 cm soil depth, E. fetida species abundance was decreased significantly in AS and Urea treatments compared to the control plot (p˂0.05). From epigeic group, D. hortensis species showed more compatibility and its population in AS treatment was more than that of Urea treatment. Results also showed that the anecic L. terrestris, had a greater tolerance to chemical fertilizers compared to the A. Longa species.Earthworms have been used for many toxicity assay and environmental assessments because of the remarkable role they play in the biological, chemical and physical processes of the soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of chemical fertilizers on the density of earthworms in the soil of an orchard. One square meter area was considered as experimental plot. Seven different types of fertilizers including Urea, Ammonium sulfate (AS), Diammonium phosphate (DAP), Solupotas, NPK (15-5-25), (NPK+OM) and organic manure (OM) as experimental treatments were studied, based on the soil test. Abundance of worms were evaluated in two stages of time and in 2 depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm of soil. In the first stage, 20 days after the addition of fertilizers, and in the second stage, 60 days after fertilization, earthworms were sampled and their number changes were measured. Treatments were applied in three replications and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (using the GLM process) by SPSS software.<br />The results of the means comparison showed that on the 20th day, at 0-20 cm soil depth, E. fetida species abundance was decreased significantly in AS and Urea treatments compared to the control plot (p˂0.05). From epigeic group, D. hortensis species showed more compatibility and its population in AS treatment was more than that of Urea treatment. Results also showed that the anecic L. terrestris, had a greater tolerance to chemical fertilizers compared to the A. Longa species.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71402_a91e4aa5f95ee1e3a0c2c38095f15079.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Prediction model of citizens' satisfaction in urban parks using artificial neural networkPrediction model of citizens' satisfaction in urban parks using artificial neural network2392507141010.22059/jne.2019.267929.1572FAReyhanehKhaleghpanahMsc student of Natural Resources - and Environmental Sciences Department, College of Environment, KarajAliJahaniFaculty member of Natural Environment and Biodiversity Department, College of Environment, KarajNematolahKhorasaniFaculty member of Environment Department, College of Natural Resources, University of TehranHamidGoshtasbFaculty member of Natural Environment and Biodiversity Department, College of Environment, KarajJournal Article20181027Parks and green spaces are one of the most important elements of cities. The design and function of urban parks should be in line with the requirements of urban life and in response to the needs of citizens, as this can be used to create a healthy urban environment. The purpose of this research is to model the satisfaction of urban parks visitors using the artificial neural network. In this study, a multi-layer perceptron network was used to process the data with the intelligent neural network tool. First, 103 urban parks were selected in Karaj and Tehran, and information about regional, service and aesthetic variables was collected in all parks. Then, the collected data was considered as network input and the results of satisfaction level assessment as network output. The value of determination coefficient (R2) in this study was 0.72 which indicates the suitability of artificial neural network for satisfaction modeling in urban parks. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that variables of landscape quality, number of sports fields, food centers, and barbeque have had the most impact on satisfaction of urban parks. Therefore, in planning and managing public places such as urban green spaces, consideration of users' perceptions of the environment should be highlighted.Parks and green spaces are one of the most important elements of cities. The design and function of urban parks should be in line with the requirements of urban life and in response to the needs of citizens, as this can be used to create a healthy urban environment. The purpose of this research is to model the satisfaction of urban parks visitors using the artificial neural network. In this study, a multi-layer perceptron network was used to process the data with the intelligent neural network tool. First, 103 urban parks were selected in Karaj and Tehran, and information about regional, service and aesthetic variables was collected in all parks. Then, the collected data was considered as network input and the results of satisfaction level assessment as network output. The value of determination coefficient (R2) in this study was 0.72 which indicates the suitability of artificial neural network for satisfaction modeling in urban parks. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that variables of landscape quality, number of sports fields, food centers, and barbeque have had the most impact on satisfaction of urban parks. Therefore, in planning and managing public places such as urban green spaces, consideration of users' perceptions of the environment should be highlighted.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71410_145c82baefa02cb7c2feee5ff9c41170.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Air pollution tolerant Species in city green areaAir pollution tolerant Species in city green area2512617140110.22059/jne.2018.257832.1521FAFarahnazRashidiforest and range land of research instituteJournal Article20180513The negative effects of air pollution impress plants to develop different morphological and anatomical changes. On the other hand in large cities plants (especially trees) help to increase the quality of air. Therefore the plants which balance internal structure and polluted environment, can deeply affect the quality of air in the cities. This study determine the suitable indexes to select tolerance of species which are widely planted in Tehran. In order to carry out this research, seven study areas was selected. Seven morphological (Leaf area, Dry and wet weight, thickness, specific leaf area, water content percentage) and 20 anatomical parameters was measured and calculated on Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus rotundifolia, and Platanus orientalis. Sorkhe-Hesar and Azadi was introduced as areas that affect air pollution and climate and soil parameters was similar in both areas. Significant decrease and increase in some vegetation characteristics was observed in all study species. Leaf thickness (Sorkhehesar= 0.12, Azadi= 0.14 and P<0.01), Upper cuticul thickness (Sorkhehesar= 1.9, Azadi= 3.5 and P<0.05), Rp/Rs (sorkhehesar= 1.2, Azadi= 1.9 and P<0.05) and abaxial stomata density (Sorkhehesar= 347, Azadi= 444 and P< 0.05) shows significant increase in Black locust. Significant relations with air pollution tolerance indicator is the most in Black locust and the least in plane. The results of this study introduce R. pseudoacacia as suitable species than the other plants (plane and ash) to air pollution condition.The negative effects of air pollution impress plants to develop different morphological and anatomical changes. On the other hand in large cities plants (especially trees) help to increase the quality of air. Therefore the plants which balance internal structure and polluted environment, can deeply affect the quality of air in the cities. This study determine the suitable indexes to select tolerance of species which are widely planted in Tehran. In order to carry out this research, seven study areas was selected. Seven morphological (Leaf area, Dry and wet weight, thickness, specific leaf area, water content percentage) and 20 anatomical parameters was measured and calculated on Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus rotundifolia, and Platanus orientalis. Sorkhe-Hesar and Azadi was introduced as areas that affect air pollution and climate and soil parameters was similar in both areas. Significant decrease and increase in some vegetation characteristics was observed in all study species. Leaf thickness (Sorkhehesar= 0.12, Azadi= 0.14 and P<0.01), Upper cuticul thickness (Sorkhehesar= 1.9, Azadi= 3.5 and P<0.05), Rp/Rs (sorkhehesar= 1.2, Azadi= 1.9 and P<0.05) and abaxial stomata density (Sorkhehesar= 347, Azadi= 444 and P< 0.05) shows significant increase in Black locust. Significant relations with air pollution tolerance indicator is the most in Black locust and the least in plane. The results of this study introduce R. pseudoacacia as suitable species than the other plants (plane and ash) to air pollution condition.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71401_9bd0077330010b66b4870f1b2c883958.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622Improvement of Habitat Simulation Method Using River2D Hydrodynamic Model to Determine Ecological Regime of RiverImprovement of Habitat Simulation Method Using River2D Hydrodynamic Model to Determine Ecological Regime of River2632777140310.22059/jne.2019.264185.1555FAMohammadNaderiDepartment of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesMehdiZakeriniaGorgan universityMeisamSalarijaziwater resourcesJournal Article20180825Water resources management in the basin area is increasingly associated with the allocation of environmental flows as a tool for improving the quality of ecosystem habitats in river conservation and restortion projects. In order to facilitate the estimation of the environmental flow of the Gharasoo River in Golestan province, based on the research framework after the hydrological analysis and field studies and observations, the Habitat Suitability model of the C.Capoeta gracilis species was developed and in the next step, of the flow was performed hydrodynamic modeling of the hydraulic parameters, and Finally habitat simulation and modeling with the integration of ecological and hydrodynamic studies of the flow and extracted the ecological flow regime. Based on the results of this study, C.Capoeta gracilis species in various stages of life has shown a response to changes in hydraulic parameters (depth and velocity) and flow rate, and to conservation of the ecosystem of the Gharasoo river using River2D model and variables of Habitat physics and Habitat Suitability Index of based Weighted Usable Area, Minimum and Maximum Environmental Flows are proposed to be 0.47 m3/s for the month of September and 3.03 m3/s for month of May. Results of this study showed the use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for modeling the habitat desirability of the target species can recommended a tool for improving the performance of modeling in habitat simulation and implementation of the ecological river regime in river engineering projects conservation and restoration.Water resources management in the basin area is increasingly associated with the allocation of environmental flows as a tool for improving the quality of ecosystem habitats in river conservation and restortion projects. In order to facilitate the estimation of the environmental flow of the Gharasoo River in Golestan province, based on the research framework after the hydrological analysis and field studies and observations, the Habitat Suitability model of the C.Capoeta gracilis species was developed and in the next step, of the flow was performed hydrodynamic modeling of the hydraulic parameters, and Finally habitat simulation and modeling with the integration of ecological and hydrodynamic studies of the flow and extracted the ecological flow regime. Based on the results of this study, C.Capoeta gracilis species in various stages of life has shown a response to changes in hydraulic parameters (depth and velocity) and flow rate, and to conservation of the ecosystem of the Gharasoo river using River2D model and variables of Habitat physics and Habitat Suitability Index of based Weighted Usable Area, Minimum and Maximum Environmental Flows are proposed to be 0.47 m3/s for the month of September and 3.03 m3/s for month of May. Results of this study showed the use of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for modeling the habitat desirability of the target species can recommended a tool for improving the performance of modeling in habitat simulation and implementation of the ecological river regime in river engineering projects conservation and restoration.https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71403_a2c67d1c8b15678b5baf7d133cc872bc.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Natural Environment2008-776472220190622English AbstractsEnglish Abstracts2792817158310.22059/jne.2019.71583FAJournal Article20190620https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_71583_b4b950de353a3d08c6899696320fbead.pdf