University of Tehran Journal of Natural Environment 2008-7764 75 Special Issue Coastal and Marine Environment 2023 02 20 Lifecycle assessment of gas, liquid, container, bulk, and tanker loading in petrochemical Port Lifecycle assessment of gas, liquid, container, bulk, and tanker loading in petrochemical Port 1 14 90333 10.22059/jne.2022.351298.2491 FA Samaneh Fayyaz Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Mazaher Moeinaddini Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0002-3931-5339 Sharareh Pourebahim Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 0000-0002-4485-2040 Ali Kazemi Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Arak University, Arak, Iran Benyamin Khoshnevisan Department of Life Cycle Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Journal Article 2022 11 17 Ports are involved in transferring more than 80% of materials and goods. With life cycle assessment, all environmental impacts are assessed simultaneously and this method has not been implemented for non-container ports. The goal of the study is life cycle assessment of liquid, gas, container, bulk, and tanker loading in the port to define the most impactful sub-processes in the port operations. Life cycle assessment is done from the source of production to the port (scope 1) and from the gate of the port to loading to ships (scope 2). One MMt of loading material is considered as functional unit. The results of the study showed that the impacts of scope 1 are far lower than scope 2 and it is worth focusing on scope 2 for any environmental improvements. In the global warming impact, gas loading has the highest share of 35%, of which 50% is due to electricity, and 45% is due to flaring. Bulk loading with a share of 30% entirely due to electricity is the second. Liquid loading with a share of 20% has the third rank as a result of electricity by 95%. It can be seen that in all sub-processes, electricity has a major role in all impact categories. In port operation LCA, per each MMt of total loading, bulk, liquid, and gas loading have the highest share over 18 impact categories to different extents. It is suggested to develop improving scenarios focused on electricity consumption, considering renewable energy sources, and no flaring for the port. Ports are involved in transferring more than 80% of materials and goods. With life cycle assessment, all environmental impacts are assessed simultaneously and this method has not been implemented for non-container ports. The goal of the study is life cycle assessment of liquid, gas, container, bulk, and tanker loading in the port to define the most impactful sub-processes in the port operations. Life cycle assessment is done from the source of production to the port (scope 1) and from the gate of the port to loading to ships (scope 2). One MMt of loading material is considered as functional unit. The results of the study showed that the impacts of scope 1 are far lower than scope 2 and it is worth focusing on scope 2 for any environmental improvements. In the global warming impact, gas loading has the highest share of 35%, of which 50% is due to electricity, and 45% is due to flaring. Bulk loading with a share of 30% entirely due to electricity is the second. Liquid loading with a share of 20% has the third rank as a result of electricity by 95%. It can be seen that in all sub-processes, electricity has a major role in all impact categories. In port operation LCA, per each MMt of total loading, bulk, liquid, and gas loading have the highest share over 18 impact categories to different extents. It is suggested to develop improving scenarios focused on electricity consumption, considering renewable energy sources, and no flaring for the port. https://jne.ut.ac.ir/article_90333_6fda1589d6b03dd1a8a8ddc461425db7.pdf